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Microsoft Global Secure Access (GSA) is the shared name for Microsoft Entra Internet Access and Microsoft Entra Private Access. To control Microsoft 365 connections, an administrator uses the Microsoft traffic profile in Entra Internet Access, assigns that profile to users or groups, and deploys the Global Secure Access client or configures a remote-network connection. Matching Microsoft 365 traffic is then acquired and sent to Microsoft’s security service edge (SSE), while rules marked Bypass leave through the device’s ordinary network path.
The important distinction is between the umbrella service and the routing feature: GSA itself does not automatically capture every Microsoft 365 packet. The Microsoft traffic profile, its workload rules, the assignment scope, and the client or remote-network deployment determine what is forwarded, what is bypassed, and which identity-aware controls can be applied.
What Microsoft Global Secure Access includes
Global Secure Access is Microsoft’s umbrella for two Entra networking services:
- Microsoft Entra Internet Access provides controlled access to supported public destinations, including Microsoft services covered by the Microsoft traffic profile.
- Microsoft Entra Private Access provides identity-aware access to private corporate applications and networks.
For a Microsoft 365 routing project, the relevant component is the Microsoft traffic profile within Entra Internet Access. It is a policy-driven forwarding profile, not a generic replacement for every proxy, firewall, VPN, or secure web gateway. The profile uses Microsoft-maintained endpoint data and administrator-selected actions to decide how supported Microsoft traffic is handled.
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GSA combines network forwarding with Microsoft Entra identity controls. Depending on the policies you configure, the design can support universal tenant restrictions, compliant-network checks, and source IP restoration. Those capabilities are available functions, not automatic results of turning on the service; each requires an appropriate policy, assignment, and validation.
How the Microsoft traffic profile classifies Microsoft 365 traffic
The profile starts with Microsoft’s Microsoft 365 IP-address and fully qualified domain name (FQDN) data. Forwarding rules describe a destination type and destination, protocol and ports, traffic category, and an action. Microsoft groups related destinations into workload collections so an administrator can manage them by service:
| Workload group | Typical services covered | Administrative control |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange Online | Exchange Online mail and related endpoints | Enable or disable the workload group and adjust individual rules |
| SharePoint Online and OneDrive | SharePoint Online sites and OneDrive storage | Enable or disable the workload group and adjust individual rules |
| Teams | Microsoft Teams service endpoints | Enable or disable the workload group and adjust individual rules |
| Microsoft 365 Common and Office Online | Shared Microsoft 365 services and Office web applications | Enable or disable the workload group and adjust individual rules |
Because the endpoint inventory is maintained as Microsoft 365 IP and FQDN data, administrators do not have to build an endpoint list from scratch. They still need to review the resulting rules, because enabling a workload group affects every matching destination in the group and a rule can be changed from forwarding to bypass.
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What happens when a rule is set to Forward
With Forward, the Global Secure Access client on the device, or an associated remote-network connection, acquires traffic that matches the Microsoft traffic profile. The acquired connection is sent through Microsoft’s SSE, where the configured identity and network policies can be evaluated before the traffic reaches the Microsoft service.
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Forwarding only occurs when all deployment conditions are met:
- The Microsoft traffic profile is enabled.
- The profile is assigned to the user or group whose traffic is being tested.
- For endpoint-based deployment, the Global Secure Access client is installed and operating on the device.
- For a remote-network design, the network connection is configured and associated with the profile.
- The destination, protocol, port, and category match an enabled forwarding rule.
The profile handles supported Microsoft service traffic directly. That traffic is not first acquired by the general Internet Access profile. This separation matters when troubleshooting: a Microsoft 365 connection that does not match an enabled Microsoft traffic rule will not automatically be rescued by a broader Internet Access rule.
What happens when a rule is set to Bypass
Bypass means the matching traffic skips Global Secure Access acquisition and exits over the client’s normal network route. It may use the local network, an existing proxy, a security appliance, or another ordinary egress path, depending on the device and network configuration.
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Bypassed Microsoft traffic does not fall through to the Internet Access profile. This is a common design surprise: changing a Microsoft workload rule to Bypass does not hand that workload to the general Internet Access policy. It removes the workload from GSA acquisition altogether. Document the intended egress and security inspection path before using Bypass, especially for remote users and unmanaged networks.
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How profile evaluation is ordered
Microsoft documents profile evaluation in this order:
- Microsoft traffic profile: supported Microsoft services, including Microsoft 365 and applicable Microsoft Entra ID traffic.
- Private Access profile: private corporate applications and resources.
- Internet Access profile: general public internet destinations.
These profiles represent different traffic classes rather than three competing versions of the same route. A Microsoft 365 endpoint that matches the Microsoft traffic profile is evaluated there first. A private application is handled by Private Access, and a general public website is considered by Internet Access.
Microsoft Entra authentication traffic is a separate, system-managed profile. It becomes active automatically with another forwarding profile and is not assigned like a normal administrator-created traffic profile. Do not treat it as an additional workload group to configure.
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- Define the use case and pilot boundary. Decide which Microsoft 365 workloads should be forwarded, which should remain on the ordinary route, and whether the pilot uses endpoint clients, a remote network, or both. Record the pilot users or group and the expected egress behavior.
- Confirm licensing and tenant readiness. Microsoft documents Microsoft Entra ID P1 or P2 as a prerequisite for the Microsoft traffic profile. Broader Internet Access capabilities require Microsoft Entra Internet Access or Microsoft Entra Suite in addition to Entra ID P1 or P2. Licensing packages can change, so verify the current entitlement and commercial terms in your tenant before deployment.
- Enable the Microsoft traffic profile. Turn on the profile in the Microsoft Entra administration experience, then review the available workload groups and forwarding rules before assigning users.
- Set workload actions. Keep a workload or individual rule on Forward when it should traverse Microsoft’s SSE. Set Bypass only when the organization deliberately wants the device’s ordinary network route. Capture the rationale for exceptions so later administrators know why a rule differs from the default.
- Assign the profile to pilot users or groups. Assignment controls who receives the policy. A correctly configured rule has no effect on a user outside its assignment scope.
- Deploy the Global Secure Access client where required. Install and start the client on pilot devices for endpoint-based acquisition. If the design uses a remote network, configure and associate that connection instead of relying on a client that is not present.
- Test each workload from representative locations. Sign in to Exchange Online, SharePoint or OneDrive, Teams, and Office Online as applicable. Test both a forwarded destination and an intentional bypass so the observed route matches the policy design.
- Inspect diagnostics and sign-in records. Use Advanced Diagnostics to confirm that Microsoft Entra and Microsoft 365 rules are present on the device. Review sign-in logs to verify that the expected connections and users are being recorded.
- Expand gradually. Correct rule, assignment, or client issues in the pilot before adding more users, locations, or workload groups.
Identity-aware controls you can layer onto routing
Universal tenant restrictions
Tenant restrictions can limit which Microsoft Entra tenants users reach from the environment. This is useful when an organization wants to reduce access to unsanctioned tenants, but it must be designed around legitimate guest, partner, and multi-tenant workflows. Forwarding traffic through GSA does not by itself impose tenant restrictions; the relevant policy must be configured and tested.
Compliant-network checks
A compliant-network check can make access conditional on traffic arriving through an approved network path. Use it only when the intended user, device, and network assignments are clear. Test failure behavior as well as success behavior so users receive the expected access result when they are off the approved path.
Source IP restoration
Source IP restoration can preserve the originating client address for supported policy and auditing scenarios after traffic passes through the SSE. Confirm which services and controls in your design depend on the restored address; do not assume every downstream system will see or honor it without validation.
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Microsoft’s Microsoft 365 connectivity guidance emphasizes minimizing round-trip time into Microsoft’s network. In most environments, users should reach a nearby Microsoft 365 service entry point rather than hairpinning through a distant central egress. A GSA design adds a Microsoft-specific controlled path and policy layer, which can simplify governance when the SSE is well positioned relative to users and Microsoft services.
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There is no universal performance guarantee. The reviewed Microsoft material does not provide a dated benchmark or independent statistic showing that GSA improves speed for every customer. Results depend on the user’s location, local access network, existing proxy or firewall path, SSE entry point, workload, and rule configuration. Measure latency and user experience in your own pilot rather than assuming that forwarding is faster than direct connectivity.
Comparing routing approaches
| Decision axis | Microsoft traffic profile with GSA | Direct Microsoft 365 egress | Central proxy or backhaul |
|---|---|---|---|
| Endpoint and workload coverage | Microsoft-maintained IP/FQDN rules grouped by Microsoft workload; administrators choose Forward or Bypass | Device uses its normal route without GSA acquisition | Coverage depends on proxy policies and endpoint lists maintained by the organization |
| Egress location | Traffic is acquired by the client or remote network and sent through Microsoft’s SSE when forwarded | Usually exits locally or through the device’s configured network path | Often exits through a central gateway, which may create a longer path |
| Identity-aware controls | Can support tenant restrictions, compliant-network checks, and source IP restoration when separately configured | Depends on other identity and network controls | Depends on proxy, firewall, and identity integrations |
| Assignment scope | User and group assignment, plus client or remote-network deployment | Network and device configuration | Usually network segment, device, or proxy policy scope |
| Operational validation | Advanced Diagnostics and Entra sign-in logs provide checks for rules and connections | Uses existing network and service monitoring | Uses proxy and network monitoring systems |
| Licensing | Microsoft Entra ID P1 or P2 for the Microsoft traffic profile; broader Internet Access packaging adds a separate entitlement | No GSA licensing requirement | Cost and licensing depend on the proxy and security platform |
The right comparison is therefore architectural, not just a question of whether traffic is “secure.” Evaluate workload coverage, local versus central egress, identity controls, assignment boundaries, diagnostics, and licensing together.
Troubleshooting common routing surprises
A user’s Microsoft 365 traffic is not forwarded
- Check that the Microsoft traffic profile is enabled and assigned to the user or group.
- Confirm the Global Secure Access client is installed, running, and enrolled on the device, or verify the remote-network association.
- Use Advanced Diagnostics to see whether the expected Microsoft 365 rules are present.
- Check the destination, protocol, port, and workload rule; an endpoint outside the supported Microsoft data or a disabled workload group will not match.
Traffic takes the ordinary route unexpectedly
Inspect the matching action. A Bypass rule intentionally skips acquisition and does not continue to Internet Access. Also check whether a more specific rule or an assignment boundary excludes the user.
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Compare group membership, client installation state, device posture, and network location. Conditional Access, compliant-network checks, or tenant restrictions can produce different outcomes even when two users reach the same Microsoft 365 workload.
Performance is worse after forwarding
Compare the pilot path with the previous route from the same location and device. Check round-trip time to Microsoft’s network, local congestion, proxy chaining, and the selected egress path. If the controlled path is not appropriate for a particular workload or location, a narrowly scoped Bypass rule may be considered and then validated, rather than disabling the entire profile.
Quick Recap
What to document before production rollout
- The Microsoft 365 workload groups and individual exceptions that are forwarded or bypassed.
- Which users, groups, devices, and remote networks receive the profile.
- Where the Global Secure Access client is installed and how its health is monitored.
- Expected egress behavior for each user location, including remote and branch users.
- Whether tenant restrictions, compliant-network checks, or source IP restoration are enabled, and the policy that justifies each one.
- The diagnostic and sign-in-log checks used to approve expansion beyond the pilot.
- The tenant licenses and commercial terms that support the deployed features, reviewed against Microsoft’s current offerings.
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