Agile software development is an approach guided by the values and principles of the Manifesto for Agile Software Development. It prioritizes people and interaction, working software, customer collaboration, and adapting to change. Agile is not one mandatory project lifecycle or another name for Scrum; it is a set of guiding ideas that teams can apply through different methods and frameworks.
What does Agile mean in software development?
Agile describes how a software team works toward useful outcomes through collaboration, frequent delivery, feedback, and adaptation. The approach is grounded in the Manifesto for Agile Software Development, published by its authors in 2001. The Manifesto states values and principles, but it does not prescribe a single set of roles, meetings, tools, or project phases.
That distinction matters: a team can follow Agile values without using Scrum, and adopting a framework or holding regular meetings does not automatically make its work Agile. The values guide decisions; teams select practices that support them.
What are the four Agile values?
The Manifesto expresses four preferences. The authors’ wording includes an important qualification: “That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more.” The preference is relative—not a direction to abandon processes, documentation, contracts, or planning.
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| Agile values | How to understand the preference |
|---|---|
| Individuals and interactions over processes and tools | Prioritize communication and collaboration between people while still using useful processes and tools. |
| Working software over comprehensive documentation | Give greater weight to software that works, without treating documentation as worthless or unnecessary. |
| Customer collaboration over contract negotiation | Work with customers to understand needs and refine solutions, while recognizing that agreements still have a role. |
| Responding to change over following a plan | Adapt when needs or circumstances change; planning remains useful, but should not prevent sensible adjustments. |
What do the Agile principles look like in practice?
The Principles behind the Agile Manifesto expand on the values. They are guidance, not a fixed project recipe.
- Deliver value early and regularly: Seek customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of valuable software, and deliver working software frequently.
- Welcome changing requirements: Treat change as something to respond to, including when it arrives during development.
- Work closely across roles: Business people and developers cooperate throughout the project.
- Support people and communication: Build work around motivated people, give them the support they need, and favor direct communication.
- Use working software to assess progress: The Manifesto authors state, “Working software is the primary measure of progress.”
- Keep the pace sustainable: The approach calls for a pace that can be maintained rather than relying on continual overwork.
- Protect quality and simplicity: Technical excellence and good design support agility; simplicity means maximizing the amount of work not done.
- Let teams organize their work: The principles favor self-organizing teams and regular reflection on how to become more effective, followed by adjustment.
Is Scrum the same as Agile?
No. Agile is the broader set of values and principles; Scrum is a specific framework related to Agile software development. Scrum.org describes Scrum as completely defined in the Scrum Guide and identifies Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland as its originators. The Scrum Guide is maintained independently of any company and is available in more than 30 languages, according to Scrum.org.
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The official Scrum Guide download page identifies the English guide released in November 2020 as the current official version. Because guides can be revised, check the official download page for the version available when you read it. Scrum’s framework-level definition is more prescriptive than the Manifesto’s broad guidance; other Agile approaches may set out different roles, planning and delivery cadences, feedback mechanisms, engineering practices, and levels of process detail.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What Agile does not guarantee
Agile is a way to guide software development, not a promise of a particular delivery speed, productivity increase, or project success rate. The values and principles encourage feedback, frequent delivery, collaboration, quality, and adaptation, but outcomes depend on how teams apply them and on their circumstances. No specific outcome statistic is established by the sources cited here.
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