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A semi-solid-state battery is a battery whose electrolyte combines solid or gel-like material with some liquid or gel phase. It sits between conventional liquid-electrolyte lithium-ion batteries and all-solid-state batteries, which use solid electrolyte instead. The term describes a family of designs, not one standardized recipe—and it does not by itself guarantee better safety, performance, or cost.

What does “semi-solid-state” mean?

In practical terms, a semi-solid-state battery has an electrolyte system that is partly solidified, gelled, or hybridized, rather than entirely liquid or fully liquid-free. POSCO describes semi-solid-state batteries as using gel-type electrolytes between liquid and solid approaches; LG Energy Solution has described combining polymer, oxide, and liquid electrolyte materials; and battery maker BPI describes a solid-liquid system that retains some liquid or gel for ion conductivity. These descriptions point to a broad category, not a single cell architecture.

The label can overlap with “quasi-solid-state” in industry usage, but the sources do not establish the two terms as standardized synonyms. Nor is there a universal liquid-electrolyte percentage: that figure depends on the specific cell design and its published specification. POSCO’s explanation of the distinction is available in its battery technology overview; BPI’s account is in its explanation of semi-solid-state battery composition.

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How does it differ from liquid and all-solid-state batteries?

Battery category Electrolyte How to interpret the label
Conventional lithium-ion Liquid electrolyte The conventional liquid-electrolyte design.
Semi-solid-state A hybrid or gel-like system that retains some liquid or gel phase while incorporating solid or gelled elements. A broad family of intermediate designs; the exact formulation varies.
All-solid-state Solid electrolyte, with no liquid electrolyte in the cell’s electrolyte system. A different category, not another name for semi-solid-state. POSCO notes that a solid electrolyte can also function as a separator.

In short, semi-solid-state batteries are a transitional family of designs, not simply all-solid-state batteries under another name. A product description that uses either label is not enough to establish its exact electrolyte formulation.

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Why are semi-solid-state batteries being developed?

The engineering goal is to combine aspects of liquid- and solid-electrolyte systems. In a 2024 interview, Dong-gyu Kim, then in charge of LG Energy Solution’s Semi-Solid-State Battery Team, described the approach as combining materials to move beyond the limits of a single technology. LG Energy Solution and POSCO have also said that some designs could use much of the conventional lithium-ion manufacturing process. Those are company descriptions of the technology’s rationale, not proof that every semi-solid design is easier or cheaper to manufacture, or safer than a conventional battery.

LG Energy Solution has discussed electric vehicles and wearables as potential applications. These are intended uses, not evidence that products using the technology are broadly available to consumers. Its interview explains the company’s view of the approach and its applications in “How Will Semi-Solid-State Batteries Change Our Lives?”.

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Are semi-solid-state batteries used in electric cars?

Yes, some electric vehicles had been reported as using them, but the deployment figures and model examples need a date and geographic scope. TrendForce’s 4 February 2025 report estimated that semi-solid-state battery use in EVs worldwide remained below 2 GWh in 2024, with market penetration below 0.5%. The report said deployments at that time were in China and named the IM L6, NIO ET7, Seres 5, DongFeng Aeolus E70, and Voyah Passion. It reported no mass-produced semi-solid-state EV models outside China at that time. These dated findings should not be read as a current worldwide availability list.

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TrendForce also forecast in 2025 that semi-solid-state batteries would exceed 1% global EV market penetration by 2027. That was a forecast, not a verified result. The same report named Ganfeng Lithium, Farasis Energy, and WeLion New Energy as manufacturers developing the technology and described GWh-level production. See TrendForce’s 4 February 2025 report for its market estimates and examples.

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What are the limitations?

In its February 2025 assessment, TrendForce identified cost, charge/discharge efficiency, and cycle life as areas where semi-solid-state batteries lagged conventional liquid-electrolyte batteries. Because the label covers multiple designs, those findings should not be treated as a permanent ranking of every cell called semi-solid-state.

When evaluating a particular battery, look for details on the cell chemistry and architecture, the amount and role of any remaining liquid, and the conditions and methods used for safety testing. Compare measured energy density, cost, charge/discharge efficiency, cycle life, and manufacturing readiness only when the figures refer to comparable designs and test conditions. There is not enough common specification here to give the category a universal quantitative performance ranking.

What does the name tell you—and what does it not?

  • It tells you: the electrolyte is described as partly solid, gel-like, or hybrid rather than purely liquid or fully solid.
  • It does not tell you: the exact electrolyte recipe, the fraction of liquid, a standardized technical architecture, or a guaranteed safety or performance advantage.
  • For a specific product: consult its cell-level specifications and test results rather than relying on the category name alone.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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