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A dotted IP address is an IPv4 address written as four decimal numbers separated by periods—for example, 192.0.2.1. Each number represents an 8-bit part of the address and falls between 0 and 255. IPv6 addresses use a different notation.

What the dots and numbers mean

An IPv4 address is 32 bits long. Dotted-decimal notation divides those bits into four 8-bit fields, called octets, and writes each field as a decimal number. The periods separate the four octets; they are not part of the address’s numeric value.

For example, 192.0.2.1 contains four octets: 192, 0, 2 and 1. In this standard notation, each octet can range from 0 through 255. RFC 820 describes the four-field, 32-bit structure, while RFC 3986 specifies the dotted-decimal format for IPv4 literals in URIs.

How to recognize a standard dotted IPv4 address

The RFC 3986 grammar requires four decimal octets, with one period between each adjacent pair. Each octet must be in the range 0–255. For example, 255.255.255.255 has four components, each at the upper end of that range.

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  • 192.0.2.1 has four decimal components and fits the stated form.
  • 256.1.2.3 does not fit because 256 is above the permitted range.
  • 192.0.2 does not fit because it has only three components.

These examples apply to the RFC 3986 IPv4-literal grammar. Software may accept or interpret other dotted forms, so the grammar alone does not establish how every application or operating system parses a particular input.

Is a dotted IP address IPv4 or IPv6?

“Dotted IP address” usually means an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation. IPv6 has a different textual syntax: it uses colon-separated hexadecimal groups rather than four period-separated decimal octets. RFC 3986 defines IPv4 and IPv6 address syntax separately.

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For that reason, “IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation” is the precise term. Not every IP address is dotted: the familiar four-number form describes IPv4, not IPv6.

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Why you may see other dotted forms

Some platforms may interpret dotted inputs that do not match the four-decimal-octet form. That possibility does not make those inputs standard RFC 3986 IPv4 literals, and parser behavior depends on the specific software. If an address is being entered into a URI or checked for standards-form syntax, use four decimal octets in the 0–255 range.

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