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In India, a pensioner’s own pension does not continue as a survivor’s payment. Under the Central Government civil-pension rules covered here, it is payable through the day the pensioner dies. An eligible survivor may receive a separate family pension if the scheme permits it and the entitlement is authorized. Any arrears or credits made after death must be dealt with separately. The exact process depends on the pension scheme, administering authority and Pension Payment Order (PPO).
First, identify which pension rules apply
The detailed steps below concern Central Government civil pensions paid through authorized banks. They should not be assumed to apply to State Government pensions, EPS-95, NPS or an employer pension scheme. The Reserve Bank of India’s April 1, 2025 master circular says government pension and Dearness Relief are governed by the relevant Central or State scheme, and directs agency banks to follow the applicable government instructions and pension authority directions. Confirm the pension category and administering authority before relying on a particular form or procedure.
What happens to each type of payment?
| Payment | What happens | What determines the outcome |
|---|---|---|
| The deceased pensioner’s own pension | For the covered Central Government civil scheme, pension is payable for the day of death, regardless of the time of death. It does not become the survivor’s ongoing pension. | The applicable pension scheme and the date of death. The Central Government civil pension booklet states: “Pension shall be drawn for the day of pensioner’s death irrespective of the time of the death.” |
| Arrears due to the pensioner | Amounts due for the period before or through the date of death are calculated separately. A valid arrears nomination determines who may receive them; without one, heirs may claim subject to the applicable authorization and sanction process. | The arrears calculation, whether a valid nomination exists, and applicable claim and sanction rules. |
| Family pension | An eligible spouse or other dependent may qualify for a separate family pension. It is not automatically inherited simply because the person shared an account with the pensioner. | Scheme eligibility and authorization, including whether the family pensioner is named in the PPO. |
| Credits made after death | They may include amounts due, or may be excess payments that need to be recovered. A continuing bank credit is not, by itself, proof that family pension has started. | The payment dates, calculation and cause of any excess credit, under the governing scheme. |
How to notify the bank and claim family pension
- Confirm the pension type and contacts. Identify the disbursing bank, pension sanctioning authority and PPO. Check whether the PPO authorizes a family pensioner.
- Notify the bank and pension disbursing authority promptly. Provide the death certificate and ask whether the scheme has a specific notification deadline. An older RBI instruction cited in the Central civil guidance says to report the death at the earliest and within one month to prevent further credits; the current RBI circular defers to the relevant scheme instructions, so confirm the deadline for the pension in question.
- Submit the applicable family-pension claim. For a Central Government civil pension where family pension is already shown in the PPO, CPAO says to apply to the pension disbursing authority using Form 14 with a copy of the death certificate. For a surviving spouse with a joint account, CPAO’s FAQ describes a simple application and death certificate to activate family pension. If the PPO does not already authorize the family pension, CPAO directs the claim to the Head of Office for sanction. Ask the authority for the current form and supporting-document list for the specific case. See CPAO’s family-pension process.
- Ask for a written payment calculation. Request confirmation of the date through which the deceased’s pension is due, any arrears payable, and whether any later credits are considered excess payments.
- Keep proof of the claim and response. Retain copies of the death certificate, PPO, claim, bank acknowledgement and any written calculation or recovery explanation.
What a joint account and PPO do—and do not—prove
For a Central Government pensioner, RBI says a surviving spouse whose family-pension authorization is in the PPO may continue to use the existing joint account. The bank should not require a new account just for that purpose. RBI’s family-pension FAQ, updated April 1, 2025, says: “The family pension should be credited to the existing account without opening a new account by the family pensioner for this purpose.” This does not mean that having a joint account establishes entitlement: eligibility and PPO authorization still matter.
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Once it receives the death certificate, the bank calculates amounts due and any overpayment. The Central civil guidance says recovery of an overpayment is handled under the undertaking given when pension began. Do not withdraw or treat an unexplained post-death credit as family pension; ask the bank to identify the payment period, amount and basis for it.
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The RBI’s April 1, 2025 circular distinguishes overpayments caused by bank error from those caused by government error. If a bank error caused the excess, the bank must credit the excess to the Government in a lump sum immediately after detection, independently of recovery from the pensioner; where recovery from the pensioner is at issue, agency banks should seek directions from the pension sanctioning authority. If the government caused the overpayment, the bank is instructed to refer the case to the relevant department. These instructions do not make every post-death credit identical: ask the bank and pension authority to establish the cause and the rules that apply.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Keep arrears separate from family-pension eligibility
A person may have a claim to arrears without qualifying for family pension, or may qualify for family pension under the scheme while arrears are dealt with under separate nomination rules. Ask the authority to address each question distinctly: what was due to the deceased, who is authorized to receive arrears, whether a survivor qualifies for family pension, and how any excess credit will be resolved. For a disputed claim or a pension outside the Central civil scheme, seek instructions from the authority administering that scheme.
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