Vercel’s OG Image Generator is the @vercel/og and ImageResponse workflow for creating social-card images from React-style markup. In a Next.js App Router project, put a route such as app/api/og/route.tsx behind a public URL, return a 1200×630 PNG with new ImageResponse(...), and set that URL as the page’s og:image. The route can read query parameters to render a different card for each page. Its main constraint is that it is not a browser: it renders with Satori and Resvg, supports flexbox and a subset of CSS rather than CSS Grid, and has a 500KB maximum bundle size.
What Vercel’s OG Image Generator does
The workflow generates a social preview image on demand from markup and data. A social platform or other crawler fetches the image URL in your page metadata; the deployed endpoint renders the card and returns a PNG. Vercel describes CDN caching as a way to reduce repeated computation. It is useful when titles, authors, product names, or other page data should appear in branded previews without manually designing and storing a separate image for every page.
This is not the same as taking a screenshot of a live web page in a full browser. The renderer is Satori plus Resvg, converting supported HTML/CSS-like markup to PNG. That distinction explains both the speed and the layout limitations: you compose a card using supported elements and styles, rather than asking Chromium to reproduce an arbitrary page.
Requirements and the rendering limits to plan around
- For Next.js: the current Vercel guide lists Node.js 22 or newer and Next.js 12.2.3 or newer. In an App Router project,
@vercel/ogis included; for other projects the guide givespnpm i @vercel/ogas the installation command. - Canvas: Vercel recommends 1200×630 pixels for an OG image. Those dimensions are the canvas you set in
ImageResponse; they do not guarantee that every social network will display the same crop or preview treatment. - CSS: only flexbox (
display: flex) and a subset of CSS properties are supported. CSS Grid is not supported. Build the card as nested flex containers and verify each style against the supported properties rather than assuming browser CSS will work. - Fonts: custom font files must be TTF, OTF, or WOFF. TTF and OTF are preferred for parsing speed.
- Bundle: the maximum bundle size is 500KB, counting JSX, CSS, fonts, images, and other assets. Large assets may be fetched at runtime where appropriate instead of bundled.
These constraints favor a small, deliberate card template: a background, a few text blocks, and only the assets the design needs. A complex page layout, unsupported CSS, or oversized local font can fail even though the same styling works in a browser.
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Create a dynamic image route in Next.js
In an App Router project, create app/api/og/route.tsx. This example accepts a title query parameter, falls back to a usable title, and returns a 1200×630 image. It avoids rendering arbitrary markup from the request; the query string supplies text only.
import { ImageResponse } from '@vercel/og';
export const runtime = 'edge';
export async function GET(request: Request) {
const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url);
const title = searchParams.get('title')?.trim() || 'A page worth sharing';
return new ImageResponse(
(
<div
style={{
width: '100%',
height: '100%',
display: 'flex',
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'space-between',
backgroundColor: '#101827',
color: '#ffffff',
padding: '72px',
fontSize: 64,
fontWeight: 700,
}}
>
<div style={{ display: 'flex', fontSize: 24, color: '#9fb3d1' }}>
Example site
</div>
<div style={{ display: 'flex', lineHeight: 1.15 }}>{title}</div>
<div style={{ display: 'flex', fontSize: 22, color: '#9fb3d1' }}>
example.com
</div>
</div>
),
{ width: 1200, height: 630 }
);
}Use a short, valid string for titles. Since a long title can overflow, production templates should limit its length or choose a smaller font size for longer values. For pages whose content is controlled by visitors, treat query parameters as untrusted input: do not interpret them as JSX, and apply the same content-safety rules you use for other displayed user data.
The runtime declaration above selects the Edge Runtime for a conventional App Router endpoint. If your deployment target or framework setup differs, confirm which runtime that endpoint supports. Vercel also documents an equivalent API endpoint approach for projects that do not use the App Router.
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Connect the route to page metadata
The image endpoint must be publicly fetchable and referenced by an absolute URL in the page’s Open Graph metadata. For example, the deployed route for a title can be referenced like this:
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property="og:image"
content="https://www.example.com/api/og?title=Shipping%20updates"
/>In an application with one generated card per page, construct this URL from the page’s data rather than hard-coding one title. Encode query values as URL parameters so spaces and reserved characters do not corrupt the URL. The social crawler requests the image separately from the HTML page, so returning the endpoint URL in metadata is not enough if the endpoint itself is blocked or inaccessible.
Vercel recommends allowing the OG API path in robots.txt, for example with Allow: /api/og/*, and using the endpoint’s absolute URL in og:image. Check the deployed path against your actual route and robots rules; a rule for a different path will not help the crawler fetch this endpoint.
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Customize the image with ImageResponse options
new ImageResponse(element, options) takes a React element plus rendering and response options. The API reference lists dimensions, emoji set, custom fonts, debug mode, HTTP status, status text, and headers. The example above sets dimensions explicitly; the remaining options are useful when a route needs particular typography, diagnostics, or response behavior.
- Custom fonts: load an accepted font file and pass it through the fonts option when constructing the response. Keep its size in mind: fonts count toward the 500KB bundle limit, and TTF or OTF is preferred for parsing speed.
- External images: Vercel’s examples include images fetched by URL parameter. Keep remote assets dependable and account for their fetch time; where assets are fixed, avoid unnecessarily making every render depend on a slow external host.
- Emoji, SVG, and internationalized text: these are covered by official examples, but they still need testing with the exact characters and layout you ship. Different scripts and longer translations can change line wrapping.
- Experimental Tailwind: examples include experimental Tailwind CSS support. Treat it as an option to validate in your own route, not as a promise that all Tailwind classes or browser CSS features are supported.
- Encrypted parameters: official examples include encrypted parameters for secure URLs. This can be relevant when a URL must carry data without exposing it as ordinary query text; it does not remove the need to make the image endpoint reachable to a crawler.
The API reference documents a default content-type: image/png and cache-control: public, immutable, no-transform, max-age=31536000. Treat those as implementation defaults, not a universal caching strategy. If you set your own headers, verify the deployed response and choose freshness behavior that matches how often the underlying page data can change.
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Vercel OG is for rendering a designed social card from markup. If what you need instead is a screenshot of a live webpage, ScreenshotNeo is a separate API built for that job; it does not replace the OG-card rendering workflow. One GET request can return a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. The API docs are at ScreenshotNeo documentation.
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Make dynamic routes reliable and cacheable
A reusable endpoint makes many cards from one template, but the URL is also part of the cache identity. If two pages render different titles, their image URLs must differ in a way that the cache can distinguish. Conversely, if a URL is stable while its underlying content changes, a long-lived immutable response may preserve an old card. Decide whether a card is content-addressed/versioned or expected to update at the same URL, then select headers and URL strategy accordingly.
Social crawlers are independent clients: they may fetch metadata and its image at different times. Deploy and test the endpoint before publishing metadata that points to it. Check that an unauthenticated request can retrieve the image, that redirects do not lead somewhere inaccessible, and that the response headers match the intended image and caching behavior. The documentation’s CDN caching intention can reduce repeat work, but caching does not make a private or failing route public.
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Vercel reported a historical launch comparison in 2022 of 5× faster P99 time to first byte (4.96 seconds to 0.99 seconds) and 5.3× faster P90 (4 seconds to 0.75 seconds) versus its previous implementation. Those are workload-specific historical measurements, not a current guarantee or a benchmark for every route. Your route’s assets, font loading, network dependencies, and cache-hit rate affect its actual latency.
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Troubleshoot blank, missing, or unsupported images
The card is blank or does not appear on a social platform
- Open the deployed image URL directly. Confirm it returns an image rather than an error page, login page, or redirect the crawler cannot follow.
- Check that the page’s
og:imagevalue is an absolute URL and points to the deployed route, including the correct path and query string. - Review
robots.txtfor a rule allowing the actual OG API path. Vercel’s example isAllow: /api/og/*; adapt it to your endpoint. - Inspect response headers and confirm the response has the expected image content type. If you changed headers, verify they did not turn the response into a non-image or make caching stale.
The route errors after deployment
- Check the runtime and framework requirements against the current Vercel guide: Node.js 22 or newer and Next.js 12.2.3 or newer for Next.js implementations.
- Reduce the bundled JSX, CSS, fonts, and images if the bundle exceeds 500KB. Move suitable large assets to runtime fetches rather than including them in the bundle.
- Replace CSS Grid or unsupported browser styling with flexbox and supported properties. The renderer is not a full browser engine.
- Test custom font files in an accepted format (TTF, OTF, or WOFF), with TTF or OTF preferred. A font that works in the page’s browser is not automatically usable by this renderer.
The image is cut off or text is laid out badly
- Render with the recommended 1200×630 dimensions and inspect the entire canvas, not just the center crop in an editor.
- Shorten or wrap dynamic titles and test unusually long values. A card that works for one title may overflow for another.
- Use flexbox-based layout and supported CSS only. For internationalized pages, inspect scripts with different glyph widths and line breaks.
- Use the API’s debug option while diagnosing a rendering issue, then verify the normal response after changing the route.
The image does not update after page content changes
Check whether the URL stayed the same and whether the response is being cached. The documented default cache-control value is immutable for a long max-age; changing content behind that same URL can therefore conflict with the cache policy. Use a URL/versioning strategy that changes when card content changes, or set response headers appropriate to your freshness needs, then verify the deployed response.
Choose this workflow when its trade-offs fit
| Need | Fit | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| One branded card template with page-specific text | Strong fit | A route can read query parameters and render data into a reusable element. |
| Precise browser rendering of an existing webpage | Weak fit | Satori/Resvg supports a subset of CSS and is not a full browser screenshot engine. |
| CSS Grid or complex browser-only effects | Weak fit | CSS Grid is unsupported and only a subset of CSS properties is available. |
| Small social image returned as PNG | Strong fit | The documented workflow generates PNG output and recommends 1200×630 dimensions. |
| Large bundled fonts and assets | Needs planning | All bundle contents count toward the 500KB maximum; suitable large assets can be fetched at runtime. |
Vercel does not state an OG-specific price or per-image tariff in the official material covered here, so do not infer a per-render cost from the feature description. If cost is material to your application, check the current Vercel plan and function pricing separately for your deployment and workload.
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