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Conventional Commits is a shared format for Git commit messages—not a Git feature or a release system. A project can use it to make change history easier to scan and to give changelog or release tools structured information, but the team must choose its own policy and configure compatible automation.
What is the Conventional Commits format?
The standard message has a required type and description, with an optional scope, body, and footer:
<type>[optional scope]: <description>
[optional body]
[optional footer(s)]The type prefix, colon followed by a space, and short description are required. A scope in parentheses is optional and can identify the affected subsystem. Put a body or footer after a blank line; bodies add context, while footers record references or other structured information.
Required types and optional types
The specification requires feat for a feature addition and fix for a bug fix. Other types are allowed, but the specification neither requires a full type list nor gives every extra type an automatic versioning effect. Agree on the meaning of any additional types as a team.
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feat(lang): add Polish languageThis example uses feat as its type and lang as its scope. The official format and rules are in the Conventional Commits 1.0.0 specification.
Body and footer examples
A body can explain why or how a change was made. Footers can identify reviewers, issue references, or a breaking change. Footer tokens generally use hyphens rather than spaces; BREAKING CHANGE is the specified exception.
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Refs: #123How do you mark a breaking change?
Mark an API-breaking change in either of two ways: put ! immediately before the colon in the header, or add an uppercase BREAKING CHANGE: footer followed by a description. The exclamation mark can stand alone without that footer, though the message should still communicate what changed. A breaking change can accompany any type.
feat(api)!: send an email to the customer when a product is shippedThe specification’s conventional Semantic Versioning mapping is fix to PATCH, feat to MINOR, and a breaking change to MAJOR. These are signals that compatible tooling can interpret; a commit message alone does not calculate a version, publish a package, or make a release. Those outcomes depend on the project’s release policy and tool configuration.
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How can a team introduce the convention?
- Agree on a small vocabulary. Define the types the project will use beyond the required
featandfix, and explain which scopes are useful. Keep the policy specific enough that contributors can classify changes consistently. - Choose where messages are written and checked. Contributors can write messages manually, use a command-line prompt or IDE integration, or rely on a linter at a chosen enforcement point. The official tools and examples directory lists digital tools for composing, linting, parsing, and release or changelog tasks, including Commitizen, commitlint, gitlint, semantic-release, and git-cliff. The directory establishes that these options exist; it does not compare their quality or terms.
- Decide how reviewed changes enter the main branch. A project can ask every contributor to use compliant commits, or accept ordinary pull-request commits and have maintainers supply a compliant final message when squash-merging. The latter can reduce the formatting burden for casual contributors, while making the squash message an important point of control.
- Specify what automation does. Decide whether structured messages feed a changelog, version calculation, package publishing, build triggers, or only some of those. Configure the chosen tools to match the project’s policy, including its treatment of custom types and breaking changes.
- Document and test edge cases. Agree how the project handles reverts and multi-type changes, then verify those rules against the release tooling before relying on automation.
How should you handle common edge cases?
A change spans more than one type
If a single change appears to fit multiple types, the specification’s FAQ recommends making multiple commits whenever possible. Separate commits give history and automation clearer signals when the work can reasonably be split.
A commit has the wrong type
Before merge or release, the specification suggests correcting a mistaken message by editing history with interactive rebase. Once a change has been released, the appropriate correction depends on the project’s tooling and release process; establish that policy rather than assuming a rewritten message will undo a published release.
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A commit reverts earlier work
The specification leaves the exact semantics of reverts to tooling authors. Decide how the project’s release and changelog tools interpret reverts, and test that behavior with the tools in use.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Where does Conventional Commits help—and what does it not decide?
Structured messages can help people understand a project’s history and can supply information to tools that generate changelogs, calculate semantic versions, or trigger builds and publishing. The value depends on consistent messages and compatible configuration: the convention supplies a format, not a complete taxonomy, merge policy, or release-management system.
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Choose an implementation based on where contributors write messages, where the project enforces them, what release tasks it automates, how it handles project-specific types and edge cases, and how much formatting work contributors should do. The official directory identifies tools in these categories, but does not establish comparative performance, maintenance status, or commercial terms.
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