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You can reduce hand-written API client glue in two main ways: share TypeScript types directly between the server and client, or define an explicit API specification and generate client code from it. The right choice depends on whether your clients can use the server’s TypeScript types or need a language-neutral contract. Neither approach means compile-time types automatically validate every response at runtime.
What “API glue code” means
API glue is the repeated code needed to keep a client aligned with a separately maintained API: request wrappers, duplicated request and response declarations, and updates whenever the contract changes. The goal is not to eliminate every line between a client and server. It is to make the contract the source of truth, so developers do less manual copying and synchronization.
There are two distinct ways to establish that source of truth: infer client types from a shared TypeScript server router, or maintain an API specification and generate client code from it.
Option 1: Share TypeScript router types with tRPC
tRPC is designed for full-stack TypeScript applications. Its client can derive types from the server router, avoiding a separate client-side copy of the request and response types. The official tRPC v10 documentation describes this as building and consuming typesafe APIs without schemas or code generation; the tRPC project repository provides the project’s source and documentation links.
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When this fits
- Your API server and relevant clients are written in TypeScript.
- The clients can depend on the server’s router type boundary.
- You want type inference from the server rather than a separately maintained API schema and generated client.
What it does not solve
This approach ties client typing to a TypeScript boundary. It is less suitable when clients are implemented in other languages, maintained independently, or need a portable contract that can be published separately from the server implementation. The v10 documentation contrasts tRPC’s TypeScript-first model with language-agnostic REST and GraphQL approaches.
Option 2: Generate clients from an explicit API specification
With a specification-driven workflow, the API description is the contract and tooling generates typed client code from it. Orval documents generating TypeScript clients from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Kubb documents generating typed code from OpenAPI, including clients and supporting plugins.
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When this fits
- Clients use different programming languages or are deployed and maintained separately from the server.
- Your team needs an explicit, portable API description.
- You want generated client code rather than hand-written wrappers and duplicated declarations.
The maintenance tradeoff
Generation removes some client boilerplate, but it does not remove contract maintenance. The specification must stay aligned with the API, and generated output must be regenerated and kept current with that specification. This workflow is useful only if the team treats the API description as a maintained contract rather than an occasional export.
How to choose between the approaches
| Decision axis | Shared TypeScript types (tRPC-style) | Specification and generated clients (OpenAPI-style) |
|---|---|---|
| Backend and client language | Best aligned when server and client are TypeScript and can share router types. | Useful when clients need a language-neutral API description and generated code. |
| Contract source | Server router and types drive client inference. | API specification drives generated code. |
| Generation workflow | tRPC presents its approach as requiring no separate code generation. | Generation is part of the workflow; generated output must stay aligned with the specification. |
| Key question | Can every relevant client consume the server’s TypeScript type boundary? | Would separately implemented clients benefit from a portable, explicit contract? |
Choose shared router types when your application is full-stack TypeScript and keeping the server router as the client’s type source is practical. Choose a specification and generated clients when the API must serve independent or non-TypeScript clients, or when a portable contract is important. These are decision criteria, not a claim that either approach wins for every team; available documentation does not establish universal performance or productivity advantages.
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Types are not runtime validation
Static types and generated declarations describe what code is expected to send or receive. They do not, by themselves, prove that an untrusted value received at runtime matches those expectations. Do not treat a successful type check as a guarantee that every server response is valid. If runtime validation is required, assess and implement it as a separate part of the API boundary.
Quick Recap
Best Value
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