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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchTestNG runs your Java tests and their setup and cleanup; Selenium WebDriver controls the browser. For an isolated browser session per test method, create the driver in @BeforeMethod and call driver.quit() in @AfterMethod. Use broader hooks only when you deliberately want setup, cleanup, or browser state to live across multiple methods.
How TestNG annotations fit into Selenium tests
TestNG annotations define when test methods and configuration methods run. Selenium WebDriver is the browser-control API: it navigates, interacts with page elements, and reads browser state. Keeping those roles separate makes it easier to decide where a browser should start and stop.
Put browser actions and assertions in a method marked @Test, or in helper methods called by it. Use TestNG configuration annotations to put setup and cleanup around the intended lifecycle boundary. The word “test” in @BeforeTest refers to a <test> element in testng.xml, not one Java method.
Choose the hook that matches browser-state lifetime
| Annotation | When it runs | Browser-session fit |
|---|---|---|
@BeforeSuite / @AfterSuite |
At suite-wide boundaries. | Use only if a resource is intentionally shared for the suite; it is usually too broad for an individual browser session. |
@BeforeTest / @AfterTest |
Around methods associated with one XML <test> element. |
Suitable for XML-test-scoped prerequisites or cleanup, not automatically for each Java test method. |
@BeforeGroups / @AfterGroups |
Shortly before the first and after the last matching method in named groups. | Useful for group-specific prerequisites; choose a different hook if each method needs a fresh browser. |
@BeforeClass / @AfterClass |
Before the first and after all test methods in a class. | A shared driver can avoid repeated browser startup, but methods then share session state and need deliberate isolation and cleanup. |
@BeforeMethod / @AfterMethod |
Before and after each test method. | The clearest default for one browser session per method, with teardown calling quit(). |
These lifecycle choices trade startup cost against state isolation: broader scopes can reduce browser launches, while method scope makes each test less dependent on browser state left by another. This is a design choice, not a guarantee that tests are isolated automatically.
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Use one browser session per test method
The following illustrative pattern creates a browser before each method and quits it afterward. It is not a claim of a tested build; match annotation attributes and dependencies to the TestNG, Selenium, Java, browser, and driver versions in your project.
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class LoginTest {
private WebDriver driver;
@BeforeMethod
public void setUp() {
driver = new ChromeDriver();
}
@Test
public void loginPageHasExpectedTitle() {
driver.get("https://example.test/login");
Assert.assertEquals(driver.getTitle(), "Login");
}
@AfterMethod(alwaysRun = true)
public void tearDown() {
if (driver != null) {
driver.quit();
}
}
}alwaysRun = true is documented for after-configuration methods so cleanup can run even if an earlier method failed or was skipped. Confirm the exact attribute support in the TestNG version you use. The null check matters if setup fails before assigning a driver; it prevents teardown from attempting to quit a nonexistent session.
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Close the right thing: quit() versus close()
Use driver.quit() to end a WebDriver session. Selenium documents that it closes all windows and tabs associated with that session, ends the browser and driver processes, and releases the session for Grid reuse. Calling driver.close() closes the current browser window; it is not a substitute for ending the complete session when the test is finished. If cleanup is omitted, browser or driver processes and ports can remain in the background.
Run the same test with multiple inputs
Use @DataProvider to supply argument rows to a test method. The test selects the provider by name. For multiple arguments per invocation, documented TestNG API forms include Object[][] and Iterator<Object[]>; supported details can vary by API version and configuration. The example below follows the Object[][] form.
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import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class LoginDataTest {
@DataProvider(name = "credentials")
public Object[][] credentials() {
return new Object[][] {
{"valid-user", "valid-password"},
{"locked-user", "valid-password"}
};
}
@Test(dataProvider = "credentials")
public void loginCases(String username, String password) {
// Exercise the browser and assert the expected result for this row.
}
}To make this a browser test, use the per-method lifecycle pattern for the test invocation and assert the expected result for each credential row. Keep test data safe: do not place real account passwords in source control or logs.
Pass configuration values from testng.xml
@Parameters maps named XML parameters to method or constructor arguments. Keep XML names and Java parameter names aligned, and provide optional defaults where appropriate. This is useful for configuration such as a base URL or environment label; it is distinct from row-based test inputs supplied by a data provider.
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Register listeners when suite behavior needs events
@Listeners registers TestNG listener classes for suite behavior such as reporting or event handling. Annotation transformers have special registration timing constraints, so follow TestNG’s transformer-specific documentation rather than assuming ordinary @Listeners registration applies to them.
Run tests and verify version compatibility
Selenium’s installation documentation covers Java dependency setup and the browser and driver components of WebDriver setup. TestNG’s Maven page gives JDK-specific dependency examples: its JDK 8 example uses TestNG 7.5.1 and its JDK 11 example uses 7.9.0. Those are examples tied to those JDK cases, not universal current-version recommendations. The versioned DataProvider API documentation cited here is for TestNG 7.11.0.
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Maven Surefire can run TestNG tests, but configuration depends on the Surefire version and execution mode. The current Surefire documentation describes a TestNG JUnit Platform path beginning with Surefire 3.6.0 and states a minimum supported TestNG version for that path. Do not apply that path’s requirements to every Surefire configuration; check the documentation for your chosen mode.
Parallel execution requires session ownership
TestNG supports parallel execution in documented configurations, including data-provider parallel options. Parallel browser tests should each own the WebDriver session they use. Do not share one mutable driver instance across concurrent invocations unless your project has an explicit, verified ownership design: concurrent operations against a shared browser can mix navigation, interactions, and teardown. A per-invocation driver with matching cleanup is the straightforward isolation model.
Troubleshoot common lifecycle problems
- A browser remains open after a test: ensure the relevant teardown hook calls
quit(), not onlyclose(), and that the teardown is eligible to run after failures or skips. - Teardown throws a null error: setup may have failed before the driver was assigned. Guard the cleanup with a null check.
- One test affects another: check whether a driver is shared at class, XML-test, or suite scope. Use method-scoped setup and cleanup when each method requires fresh browser state.
- Data-provider arguments do not match: verify the provider name in
@Test(dataProvider = ...), the number and types of row values, and that the provider return form matches the TestNG API version. - Parallel runs behave unpredictably: verify that each concurrent invocation has its own driver and that no mutable driver reference is shared.
- Tests are not discovered or run by Maven: check the Surefire version and selected TestNG execution mode against the matching Surefire documentation; do not assume configuration for one mode applies to another.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use TestNG annotations without Selenium?
Yes. TestNG is a Java test framework and its annotations also apply to tests that do not control a browser.
Does @DataProvider itself create a browser?
No. It supplies values to test invocations; browser setup remains the responsibility of your configuration methods or test code.
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