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A small Python checker can test every row in a redirect map by requesting the old URL, following redirects, and comparing the final URL with the expected destination. Run it against a representative staging setup before launch, then against the live site after launch. It can expose broken requests, unexpected statuses, redirect chains, and mappings that land on the wrong page—but it cannot verify that the destination is relevant or that Google has processed the move.
What the checker should verify
Use a CSV with one old URL and its intended new URL per row. For each mapping, the checker should request the old URL, follow its redirects, and report the HTTP status, final URL, whether that URL matches the map, and any useful diagnostic detail. If the HTTP client exposes redirect history, record the hops too.
Google Search Central recommends testing redirects with a command-line tool or script for large groups of URLs, while its URL Inspection Tool can test individual URLs. Google does not prescribe Python or a particular library. See Google’s Site Moves and Migrations guidance.
A response can load successfully and still fail the map check: if an old URL ends up at a different destination than the one listed, the mapping is wrong and needs review.
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Build a useful redirect map
Include the old URLs that matter
Do not limit the inventory to URLs copied from a navigation menu. Assemble it from sources such as sitemaps, analytics, server logs, CMS exports, and URLs with inbound links. Include moved images, videos, scripts, or stylesheets when those URLs are important to users or other sites.
Choose relevant destinations
Map each old URL to the most relevant available new destination. Do not send many unrelated old URLs to one generic page: Google warns that this can confuse users or cause those redirects to be treated as soft 404s. If there is no meaningful replacement for an old URL, review that case rather than forcing an unrelated destination.
Use permanent redirects for permanent moves
For a permanent move, use a server-side permanent redirect such as HTTP 301 or 308 where possible. Temporary status codes communicate different intent. Have the report show the actual status so a person can check whether it matches the migration plan; do not treat every response as equivalent.
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Prepare the CSV and run the checker
Save the map as a UTF-8 CSV with the exact column names old_url and expected_url. For example:
old_url,expected_url
https://example.com/old-page,https://example.com/new-page
https://example.com/old-image.jpg,https://example.com/assets/new-image.jpgThe following script uses Python’s urllib library, so it needs no third-party package. Save it as check_redirects.py next to redirect-map.csv, then run python3 check_redirects.py redirect-map.csv. It follows redirects, reports the final response status and destination, counts redirect hops, and marks an exact final-URL match as a pass. It also writes a CSV report named redirect-report.csv.
import csv
import sys
import urllib.error
import urllib.request
class RedirectTracker(urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.hops = []
def redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl):
self.hops.append({"status": code, "url": newurl})
return super().redirect_request(req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl)
def check_url(old_url):
tracker = RedirectTracker()
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(tracker)
request = urllib.request.Request(
old_url,
headers={"User-Agent": "RedirectMapChecker/1.0"},
)
try:
with opener.open(request, timeout=15) as response:
return response.status, response.geturl(), tracker.hops, ""
except urllib.error.HTTPError as error:
# HTTPError is also a response: keep its status and final URL in the report.
return error.code, error.geturl(), tracker.hops, f"HTTP error: {error.code}"
except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError, OSError) as error:
return "", "", tracker.hops, f"Request failed: {error}"
def main(input_path):
with open(input_path, newline="", encoding="utf-8-sig") as source:
rows = csv.DictReader(source)
required = {"old_url", "expected_url"}
if not rows.fieldnames or not required.issubset(rows.fieldnames):
raise SystemExit("CSV must contain old_url and expected_url columns")
results = []
for row in rows:
old_url = row["old_url"].strip()
expected_url = row["expected_url"].strip()
status, final_url, hops, error = check_url(old_url)
passed = bool(final_url) and final_url == expected_url
chain = " | ".join(
f'{hop["status"]} -> {hop["url"]}' for hop in hops
)
notes = error
if not error and not passed:
notes = "Final URL does not match expected URL"
if len(hops) > 1:
notes = (notes + "; " if notes else "") + f"{len(hops)} redirect hops"
result = {
"old_url": old_url,
"status": status,
"final_url": final_url,
"expected_url": expected_url,
"result": "PASS" if passed else "FAIL",
"redirect_hops": len(hops),
"redirect_history": chain,
"diagnostic": notes,
}
results.append(result)
print(
f'{result["result"]} | {old_url} | status={status} | '
f'final={final_url} | hops={len(hops)} | {notes}'
)
fieldnames = [
"old_url", "status", "final_url", "expected_url", "result",
"redirect_hops", "redirect_history", "diagnostic",
]
with open("redirect-report.csv", "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as report:
writer = csv.DictWriter(report, fieldnames=fieldnames)
writer.writeheader()
writer.writerows(results)
if __name__ == "__main__":
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
raise SystemExit("Usage: python3 check_redirects.py redirect-map.csv")
main(sys.argv[1])The script’s match is deliberately exact: the final URL must equal the map’s expected URL, including scheme, hostname, path, and query string. If your intended policy treats differences such as a trailing slash or host alias as equivalent, define and document that normalization before interpreting results; do not silently loosen the check, because it can hide an unintended destination.
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Interpret failures and chains
Use the report to separate problems that need different fixes. A request error or timeout may indicate an unreachable old URL or a connectivity problem. A final URL that differs from the map points to a bad mapping or server rule. A final response that is a not-found or server error needs investigation even if a destination was reached. A status inconsistent with the planned permanent move should be reviewed rather than waved through.
- Destination mismatch: correct the map or the redirect rule, then rerun the checker.
- Unexpected status: confirm the intended permanent or temporary behavior and inspect the server response.
- Not-found or server error: verify that the destination exists and responds correctly.
- Several hops: revise the rules so the old URL goes directly to its final destination where possible. Google advises keeping chains low when they cannot be avoided—ideally no more than three and fewer than five—because hops add latency and may not be supported by every user agent. Details are in Google’s redirect guidance.
- Many old URLs share one destination: check that each mapping is genuinely relevant instead of funneling unrelated pages to a common target.
A pass means only that the tested URL ended at the URL in the map under the conditions of that run. It is not proof that the destination content is appropriate, that other migration work is correct, or that search engines have completed processing the move.
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Run checks before and after launch
Before launch: test a representative staging setup
Run the CSV against staging only if that environment faithfully represents the planned redirect configuration. A staging server with different rules, hostnames, or URL behavior may produce results that do not predict production. Review failures, correct the map or rules, and rerun until the remaining exceptions are understood.
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After launch: test production and address exceptions
Run the same map against the live site after the rules are active. Review the resulting statuses, final destinations, errors, and chains. If production has a different hostname or URL behavior from staging, adjust the expected URLs to reflect the actual intended production destinations before comparing.
Complete the move beyond redirects
Google’s migration guidance also calls for updating canonical annotations, internal links, and sitemaps, and monitoring both old and new URLs. Retain permanent redirects as long as possible; Google says they should generally remain for at least one year. See the site-move checklist and Google’s guidance on monitoring traffic.
Monitor traffic, Search Console reports, indexing, and crawl errors after launch. Google says it processes a move URL by URL as Googlebot visits the old and new URLs, and timing depends in part on URL volume and server speed. For medium-sized sites, Google says it may take a few weeks or more for most URLs to shift in search results; larger sites can take longer. A redirect check cannot establish when that processing will finish.
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When a script is not enough
For a small map, this script provides repeatable, exportable results without a crawler product. For a very large migration, a crawler or redirect-audit service may be easier to operate if it can show response statuses, final destinations, chains, and exportable results at a scale appropriate to the site. Compare tools against those needs rather than assuming any one service is required.
For individual URL diagnosis, Google’s URL Inspection Tool is an alternative; for bulk checks, the script or a command-line tool is more repeatable. Neither approach replaces content review or post-launch monitoring.
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