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What Supertest tests—and what it does not
A Supertest test exercises an API through its HTTP request-and-response boundary. You specify a method and path, then inspect the response the application produces. This is useful for checking observable behavior such as whether a route returns JSON with the expected status and data.
Supertest is not a test runner. Your chosen runner is responsible for discovering and executing tests and reporting failures. The official examples show Mocha, as well as use without a test framework; the request API can also be used with callback, promise, or async/await patterns.
Prepare the application for tests
Export the application separately from the code that starts the production listener. Tests can then import the application function directly, without depending on a fixed test port. Supertest accepts an application function or an HTTP server; when the server is not already listening, it binds it to an ephemeral port.
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For example, an Express project can keep route setup in an app module and start listening in a separate entry point:
// app.js
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
app.get('/user', (req, res) => {
res.status(200).json({ name: 'Ada' });
});
module.exports = app;
// server.js
const app = require('./app');
const port = process.env.PORT || 3000;
app.listen(port, () => console.log(`Listening on ${port}`));The separation shown here is a project organization pattern, not a Supertest requirement. Keep your existing routes and middleware; the important point is that the test can import the app without having to start the production listener.
Install Supertest
Add Supertest as a development dependency so it is available to tests without becoming a runtime dependency of the deployed application:
npm install --save-dev supertestAt retrieval on October 3, 2026, the project package metadata listed Supertest 7.3.0 and Node.js >=14.18.0. These are time-sensitive package details, not a statement about the version in your project: check your lockfile and the package metadata when choosing a version.
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Write a first route test
Import the application and pass it to Supertest’s request(). The following CommonJS example requests GET /user, checks that the response is JSON and has status 200, and verifies the body:
const request = require('supertest');
const app = require('./app');
test('GET /user returns the user as JSON', async () => {
const response = await request(app)
.get('/user')
.expect('Content-Type', /json/)
.expect(200);
expect(response.body).toEqual({ name: 'Ada' });
});The test() and expect() globals in this example belong to the test runner; they are not supplied by Supertest. The Supertest chain names the method and path, performs the request, and applies HTTP response assertions. You can inspect other response properties or add your own condition after the request resolves.
Choose how the test completes
Use the completion style that fits your test runner, and make sure asynchronous failures reach it. Supertest supports callback, promise, and async/await patterns.
Callback with .end()
When calling .end(), forward its error to the runner’s failure path. An assertion failure from a chained .expect() is reported through the err argument:
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request(app)
.get('/user')
.expect('Content-Type', /json/)
.expect(200)
.end((err, res) => {
if (err) return done(err);
done();
});Here, done is a callback provided by a runner that supports callback-style tests. Omitting done(err) can cause an assertion failure not to fail the test correctly.
Runner callback passed to .expect()
The documented Mocha-style example passes the runner’s completion callback to the final expectation:
it('gets the user', function (done) {
request(app)
.get('/user')
.expect(200, done);
});This is a runner integration example, not a requirement to use Mocha.
Promise or async/await
For promise-based runners, return the request promise or await it in an async test. These styles avoid manually signaling completion with done:
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it('gets the user', function () {
return request(app)
.get('/user')
.expect(200);
});
it('checks the user body', async function () {
const res = await request(app).get('/user').expect(200);
expect(res.body.name).toBe('Ada');
});Assertions chained before .end() run in their declared order. Prefer one consistent asynchronous style within a test and follow the conventions of your runner.
Test a sequence that depends on cookies
A plain request(app) call is suitable for an independent request. For a sequence that needs client state—such as a cookie set by one response and sent with a later request—create an agent with request.agent(app) and reuse it:
const request = require('supertest');
const app = require('./app');
test('keeps the session cookie between requests', async () => {
const agent = request.agent(app);
await agent
.post('/login')
.send({ username: 'ada', password: 'example' })
.expect(200);
const response = await agent
.get('/account')
.expect(200);
expect(response.body.username).toBe('ada');
});The route names, credentials, and expected response in this example are illustrative; adapt them to your application. The agent carries request state such as cookies across its requests. Database setup, test-data isolation, and cleanup depend on the application and are not prescribed by Supertest.
Common problems and fixes
- The test hangs or finishes before the request: return the request promise or await it, or use the runner’s callback pattern and call it once. An asynchronous test must signal completion to its runner.
- An assertion in a callback does not fail the test: when using
.end(), pass its error to the runner asdone(err)rather than ignoring it. - A later route does not receive the expected cookie: use the same
request.agent(app)instance for both requests; separaterequest(app)calls do not represent one persistent agent. - The test cannot import the application cleanly: separate app construction/export from the production call to
listen(), then pass the imported app torequest(). - The installed package does not match an example’s compatibility assumptions: check the project’s lockfile and current package metadata; the version and Node.js requirement reported at retrieval may have changed.
HTTP/2 and other request needs
The official Supertest README also documents an HTTP/2 option. Use that mode only when the application/server and project requirements call for HTTP/2; ordinary HTTP request examples are the simpler default. For exact current options beyond the workflows shown here, consult the Supertest project repository.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need Mocha or Jest to use Supertest?
No. Supertest supplies the HTTP request and assertion layer; a test runner is optional, though commonly used to organize and execute tests.
Can I test an app without starting it on a fixed port?
Yes. Pass the application function to `request(app)`; Supertest binds it to an ephemeral port when needed.
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