If your Supabase database connection fails from an IPv4-only server, use the shared pooler connection string from your project’s Dashboard. Choose session mode for persistent connections or transaction mode for serverless and short-lived workloads. For the specific FATAL: (ENOTFOUND) tenant/user postgres.<project-ref> not found error, first verify the copied pooler host and username—including the project reference—before changing the password.
Why does a Supabase connection string fail on IPv4?
Supabase’s standard direct Postgres connection is IPv6 by default. A deployment host that supports only IPv4 cannot reach that endpoint unless the project has the IPv4 add-on enabled. Supabase documents this behavior in its connection options and IPv4 guidance.
For an IPv4-only runtime that needs a raw Postgres connection, the shared pooler is usually the appropriate route. It supports IPv4 and offers session mode on port 5432 and transaction mode on port 6543. The exact pooler hostname is project-specific, so copy it from the Dashboard rather than constructing it from a region name.
If you need direct connectivity instead, Supabase offers an IPv4 add-on, subject to current availability and terms shown for your project. Enabling it swaps the project’s IPv6 AAAA DNS record for an IPv4 A record; this is not dual-stack behavior, so check the impact before enabling it. For frontend applications that do not need a raw database connection, Supabase client libraries and Data APIs provide an IPv4-compatible alternative. Protect frontend access with Row Level Security and appropriate policies.
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How do I choose between session and transaction poolers?
| Connection option | Network and port | Good fit | Key limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct connection | IPv6 by default; port 5432 | Persistent backend connections where IPv6 is available, or direct access after enabling the IPv4 add-on | An IPv4-only host cannot reach the standard endpoint without the add-on. |
| Shared pooler, session mode | IPv4; port 5432 | Persistent connections from IPv4-only networks and third-party database tools | Shared-pooler username includes the project reference; use the Dashboard’s exact host. |
| Shared pooler, transaction mode | IPv4; port 6543 | Serverless, edge functions, and other short-lived connection patterns | Does not support prepared statements or query pipelining; session state is not sticky across transactions. |
| IPv4 add-on | Enables IPv4 reachability for the direct endpoint | Workloads that require direct connectivity or a dedicated IPv4 ingress address | Optional paid add-on; current availability and terms vary. |
| Supabase client libraries or Data APIs | IPv4-compatible APIs | Frontend use cases that do not require a raw Postgres connection | Frontend data access should be governed by Row Level Security and suitable policies. |
Use session mode when a connection needs session behavior
Session pooling is the better shared-pooler choice for a persistent connection or a tool that expects session-level behavior. Its port is 5432. Copy the session-pooler string shown for your project; do not substitute a guessed cluster hostname.
Use transaction mode for short-lived workloads
Transaction pooling assigns a backend connection for the duration of a transaction rather than preserving a dedicated backend session. That makes it suitable for many serverless and short-lived workloads, but applications relying on session state or unsupported features should use session mode or direct connectivity instead.
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Transaction mode does not support prepared statements or query pipelining. If your driver enables prepared statements, disable that setting for this connection. Check the driver’s documentation for the exact option name.
How do I fix the Supabase ENOTFOUND tenant/user error?
Supabase documents the exact message FATAL: (ENOTFOUND) tenant/user postgres.<project-ref> not found as a shared-pooler lookup problem. For this specific error, a host or username mismatch is much more likely than a bad password. This diagnosis does not automatically apply to every error containing ENOTFOUND; other forms may indicate DNS or application-specific failures. See Supabase’s connection-pooler troubleshooting.
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- Open the project’s Connect dialog. In the Supabase Dashboard, go to Connect and select Session pooler or Transaction pooler to match your workload.
- Copy the entire displayed connection string. The host contains a pooler cluster index. Do not guess a value such as
aws-0or assemble the hostname from the region; a region may have multiple clusters. - Verify the username and port match the selected mode. A shared-pooler username normally looks like
postgres.[PROJECT-REF]. A custom role uses[ROLE].[PROJECT-REF]. Shared session mode uses port 5432; shared transaction mode uses port 6543. Use the actual values shown in Connect. - Replace only the password placeholder. Supabase’s instruction is: “Copy the whole string, and replace only the password placeholder.” Percent-encode reserved characters in the password when placing it in a URL-style connection string; characters such as
&,#,?, and spaces can otherwise be parsed incorrectly. - Check driver settings if using transaction mode. Disable prepared statements when the driver enables them, and avoid query pipelining with this pooler mode.
Because the pooler hostname and project reference are specific to your project, an example string found elsewhere may not be valid for your database.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How can I tell whether direct IPv6 connectivity is available?
If you want to keep using the direct connection, test IPv6 from the deployment server with Supabase’s documented command:
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curl -6 https://ifconfig.co/ip
A response containing an IPv6 address indicates the server can make an IPv6 request. If the check fails and the host is IPv4-only, switch to the shared pooler or review the IPv4 add-on option in your project’s Dashboard.
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Common mistakes to avoid
- Guessing the pooler host: Copy the full host from Connect; the cluster index cannot be safely inferred from the region.
- Using
postgresalone as the shared-pooler username: Include the project reference, or use the matching custom-role format. - Resetting the password first: For the documented tenant/user lookup error, check the host and username before changing credentials.
- Expecting transaction mode to behave like a sticky session: Use session mode or direct connectivity if the application requires persistent session behavior.
- Assuming the IPv4 add-on preserves IPv6: Supabase says enabling it replaces the IPv6 AAAA record with an IPv4 A record.
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