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Signs that can occur with a heart valve problem include trouble feeding or gaining weight in babies, and unusual fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, chest discomfort, or palpitations in older children. These symptoms can have many causes, and some children with a heart problem have no obvious symptoms. Seek emergency help for severe breathing trouble, sudden blue or grey color, collapse, or unresponsiveness; otherwise, contact your child’s clinician about persistent or recurring concerns.

Possible signs depend on a child’s age and the problem’s severity

A heart valve problem may be present from birth and become noticeable at birth or weeks or months later. Some affected children have few or no obvious symptoms. The signs below can also result from conditions other than valve disease, so they are reasons to seek clinical advice—not a way to diagnose a child at home.

Infants and young children Older children and teens
  • Trouble feeding, tiring during feeds, or sweating while feeding
  • Poor weight gain or growth
  • Blue coloring, particularly at the lips or fingers, or unusual paleness
  • Rapid or difficult breathing
  • Unusual fatigue or reduced ability to keep up with usual activity
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dizziness or fainting, especially during exertion
  • Chest pain or discomfort during activity
  • Palpitations or visible swelling

Symptoms vary with the condition and its severity. For example, pediatric aortic stenosis can cause different symptoms depending on severity, but its signs cannot establish that a child has aortic stenosis or another valve problem. The American Heart Association’s congenital heart disease guidance also describes breathing, feeding, and weight-gain problems in babies with some severe heart problems.

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When to seek care

Get emergency help now

Call your local emergency number for severe difficulty breathing, sudden blue or grey skin or lips, collapse, or a child who is limp or not responding normally. A weak pulse with pale, cool, clammy skin can be a sign of shock and also requires an emergency response. The NHS lists chest pain, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, and a very fast or irregular rhythm among emergency warning signs for congenital heart disease; its instruction to call 999 applies in the UK. Elsewhere, use your local emergency pathway. NHS congenital heart disease guidance

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Contact the child’s clinician promptly

Arrange medical advice for persistent or recurring breathlessness; feeding problems or poor growth; a new inability to keep up with ordinary activity; dizziness or fainting; chest discomfort during exertion; recurring palpitations; or swelling. If your child has a known congenital heart condition, follow the personalized instructions from their cardiac team. The NHS advice about recurring breathlessness, weakness or dizziness during normal activity, palpitations, swelling, and intermittent chest pain is general valve-disease guidance, not pediatric-specific. NHS heart valve disease guidance

What a heart murmur does—and does not—tell you

A heart murmur is an extra sound a clinician hears as blood flows through the heart. Many murmurs in children are innocent and occur without other symptoms; some can reflect a structural issue, including a valve problem. The sound alone does not diagnose valve disease, and not hearing a murmur does not rule out a heart problem. A clinician interprets it alongside the child’s history, examination, and symptoms. Children’s National Hospital’s heart murmur guidance and the American Heart Association’s overview of heart valve problems explain this distinction.

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How clinicians assess possible valve problems

A healthcare professional may ask about symptoms and medical history, examine the child, and listen to the heart with a stethoscope. Depending on the findings, the clinician may refer the child to a pediatric cardiologist or recommend testing. Echocardiography uses ultrasound to assess the heart’s structure and function, including its valves. Children’s Health’s pediatric aortic stenosis information describes echocardiography as part of evaluation for that condition.

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Symptoms and a murmur need interpretation in context. Home listening or consumer monitoring cannot diagnose or exclude a valve problem; seek clinical assessment for concerns and use emergency care for the warning signs above.

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