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A second-level domain is the label directly before a top-level domain (TLD). In example.com, example is the second-level label and .com is the TLD. The phrase can also refer to the full name example.com, so context matters.

How domain levels work

Domain names are hierarchical: their labels are separated by dots, and each label’s level is identified by its position. The TLD is the final named level. The second-level label sits immediately to its left.

ICANN’s glossary defines a second-level domain as “A label that is found in a zone that is under a top-level domain.” ICANN glossary

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Identify each part of a domain name

  • org is the TLD in icann.org.
  • icann is the second-level label: it appears immediately before the TLD.
  • whois is a further label in whois.icann.org, commonly described as a third-level label or subdomain.

ICANN uses this same breakdown for whois.icann.org: org is the top-level level, icann the second-level, and whois the third-level. ICANN: What is a domain name?

Does “second-level domain” mean a label or a full name?

In precise DNS terminology, a second-level domain is the label beneath a TLD—for example, icann. In general usage, the phrase may refer to the full second-level name, such as icann.org. ICANN’s FAQ calls the portion before the TLD the “second-level domain name” and gives icann in icann.org as its example. ICANN FAQ

To avoid ambiguity, specify whether you mean the label alone or the whole name. For example: “icann is the second-level label in the name icann.org.”

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How it differs from a subdomain

A subdomain is an additional label placed before the second-level name. In whois.icann.org, whois is the additional label, while icann.org remains the second-level name. The additional label does not change which part is immediately beneath the TLD.

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