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React Router Data Mode is the mode that pairs route configuration outside the React component tree with route-level data loading, mutations, and pending-state APIs. It is a fit when you want those features while retaining control over your app’s bundling and server architecture. React Router describes itself as “a multi-strategy router for React”; its three modes are Declarative, Data, and Framework. React Router’s mode guide explains how they differ.
What is React Router Data Mode?
Data Mode uses data-router APIs such as createBrowserRouter and RouterProvider. Instead of defining routes within rendered components, you configure them separately and connect each route to its component and optional data-handling functions. A loader supplies data for a route; an action handles a mutation.
This small example shows the shape of the setup. It assumes Root and loadRootData are defined elsewhere; a complete application also needs its usual React and DOM setup.
import { createBrowserRouter, RouterProvider } from "react-router";
const router = createBrowserRouter([
{
path: "/",
Component: Root,
loader: loadRootData,
},
]);
ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(<RouterProvider router={router} />);The route component reads the data supplied by its loader through React Router’s route APIs. Separating route definitions from rendering gives the router a place to coordinate navigation with data work.
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How do loaders, actions, and forms work together?
Load route data with a loader
A route’s loader provides the data associated with that route. This puts data needed for a page alongside the route configuration, rather than requiring navigation-related loading behavior to be coordinated entirely inside the rendered component tree.
Handle mutations with an action
A route’s action handles a submission that changes application data. An action can receive a request, read its submitted FormData, and call the application’s own mutation logic. The Data Mode actions guide documents actions, forms, and submission APIs.
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Choose navigation or a fetcher submission
Use React Router’s <Form> or useSubmit to submit to an action. A form submission can participate in navigation and expose pending navigation state. When an interaction should submit data without navigating, use a fetcher form or fetcher.submit instead.
After an action completes, React Router revalidates loader data by default. That lets affected route UI reflect the mutation without requiring you to build all refresh coordination yourself.
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When should you optimize revalidation?
Default revalidation is useful for keeping route data in sync, but it can mean unnecessary work when loaders are expensive and a particular mutation cannot affect their data. In that case, React Router provides route-level shouldRevalidate and a call-site defaultShouldRevalidate option. Use these as targeted controls for cases where you can establish that reloading is unnecessary—not as a blanket reason to turn off revalidation. See the official revalidation optimization guidance.
How do the three React Router modes compare?
The modes offer different balances of built-in behavior and architectural control. Moving from Declarative to Data to Framework adds features while giving the application less control over some architectural choices, according to the official mode guide.
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| Mode | What it provides | When it fits |
|---|---|---|
| Declarative | Basic URL matching and navigation. | Routing is all you need, or another data layer already supplies the data and pending-state abstractions you want. |
| Data | Route configuration outside rendering, with loaders, actions, pending states, and related data-router APIs. | You want router-integrated data behavior while keeping control over bundling, data handling, and server abstractions. It also suits teams already using a v6.4 data router and happy with that architecture. |
| Framework | Data Mode plus framework tooling and route-module features, including the Vite plugin, type-safe route APIs, code splitting, and SPA, SSR, or static-rendering strategies. | You want a more integrated framework experience and are willing to hand over more architectural control to its conventions and tooling. |
Framework Mode is not behavior that Data Mode automatically supplies. The guide describes Framework Mode as wrapping Data Mode with additional tooling and route-module capabilities. Choose based on how much routing, data, and application infrastructure you want to manage yourself.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Which mode should you choose?
- Choose Declarative if you need straightforward route matching and navigation, or prefer another library or application layer to own data loading and pending states.
- Choose Data if route-level loaders and actions solve a real coordination problem, but you want to retain control over how the app is bundled and how data and server concerns are handled.
- Consider Framework if the integrated Vite tooling, typed route APIs, code splitting, and rendering strategies are worth adopting a more opinionated route-module architecture.
If your project is already using a v6.4 data router and its architecture works for the team, the official guide identifies Data Mode as an appropriate fit. For version-specific API details, check the React Router changelog for the release relevant to your installation. It notes that react-router-dom continues to be published in v7 as a re-export of react-router; do not assume every changelog entry applies unchanged to an older version.
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