HSQLDB review
A free SQL-standard database for Java applications needing embedded or self-hosted operation.
Reviewed by iTechGuides Editors · Editorial team · Updated Oct 2026
HSQLDB, also known as HyperSQL, is an open-source relational database management system written in Java. It is intended for Java developers building database-backed applications for development, testing, and deployment. Its deployment options cover both embedded and client-server operation, while its table support includes in-memory, disk-based, and text tables. That makes it suitable for applications that need a SQL database inside the application or as a separately operated database service.
The published product capabilities cover a broad SQL and transaction feature set. HSQLDB supports SQL:2023 core and optional features, JDBC and ODBC access, and transaction control through two-phase locking, MVCC, or a hybrid model. It also includes online and offline database backups, SQL and CSV import and export, system-versioned tables, and replicated-database synchronization. These features give teams options for transactional behavior, data portability, historical table tracking, and replication-oriented workflows without moving beyond a self-hosted database model.
HSQLDB is free and open source, with no paid software plan described. Optional SupportWare subscriptions are separate from the product itself. The main fit is for teams that want an SQL-standard relational database they can embed, operate on their own infrastructure, and connect through established Java or ODBC interfaces. Teams seeking a managed hosted database should choose an alternative, because HSQLDB is verified for self-hosted deployment. It is also a focused choice for Java-centered projects rather than a general-purpose managed database service.
HSQLDB pros and cons
- Where it wins
- Embedded and client-server modes support different deployment patterns
- SQL:2023 features with JDBC and ODBC connectivity
- Backups, versioned tables, and replicated-database synchronization
- Where it doesn't
- Deployment is limited to self-hosted environments
- The product is primarily aimed at Java developers
- No paid software plans are described
HSQLDB fact sheet, pricing and score →
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