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JDK 26 introduces two performance changes with different goals: JEP 522 reduces synchronization between application and garbage-collection threads in G1 to target higher application throughput, while JEP 516 extends ahead-of-time (AOT) object caching to any garbage collector, including ZGC, to support faster JVM startup and warmup. Oracle’s published materials describe these outcomes qualitatively; they do not establish a universal speedup percentage.

Oracle’s JDK 26 release notes are dated 17 March 2026. Oracle JDK 26 Release Notes

What changes in JDK 26 performance?

Change Subsystem and scope Intended performance outcome
JEP 522: G1 GC throughput improvements Reduces synchronization between application threads and GC threads when using G1. Increased application throughput.
JEP 516: AOT object caching with any GC Extends AOT object-cache compatibility to any garbage collector, including ZGC. Improved JVM startup and warmup.

The changes address different concerns: JEP 522 targets throughput while an application is running with G1; JEP 516 targets startup and warmup by making cached objects usable across collectors. Oracle’s JDK 26 migration guide describes both changes.

How does JEP 522 improve G1 throughput?

G1 performs garbage collection alongside application work. JEP 522, “G1 GC: Improve Throughput by Reducing Synchronization,” reduces synchronization between application threads and garbage-collection threads. Oracle states the aim is increased application throughput.

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This is specifically a G1 change; it should not be presented as a general improvement to every collector in JDK 26. The official release and migration materials describe the intended outcome but do not provide a percentage applicable across workloads, hardware, or heap configurations. Whether a particular application benefits, and by how much, must be established with measurements in its own environment. Oracle’s release notes

What does JEP 516 change about AOT object caching?

JEP 516 makes the ahead-of-time object cache work with any garbage collector, including ZGC. In the migration guide’s description, cached Java objects are loaded sequentially from a neutral, garbage-collector-agnostic format rather than memory-mapped in a collector-specific format. The goal is to improve JVM startup and warmup.

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The feature builds on Project Leyden’s AOT work. OpenJDK lists JEP 516 as delivered in JDK 26 and describes Leyden’s goals as improving startup time, time to peak performance, and footprint. Those are project goals, not a promise that every application will improve in all three areas. OpenJDK Project Leyden

Default behavior and disabling the cache

Oracle’s JDK 26 release notes say the AOT cache is enabled by default and document -XX:-UseGCOverheadLimit as the option to disable it. The same notes caution that exact out-of-memory error trigger conditions may differ because G1 calculates GC overhead and free heap somewhat differently. Consult the release notes for your JDK distribution and test the configuration you deploy before relying on particular OOME behavior. Oracle JDK 26 Release Notes

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How should you evaluate these changes?

  1. Identify the relevant path. If the application uses G1 and its concern is throughput, evaluate JEP 522. If JVM startup or warmup is the concern, evaluate AOT caching with the collector you actually use.
  2. Compare equivalent runs. Use the same workload, collector, heap and JVM settings, startup profile, and environment for the JDK versions being compared.
  3. Measure the outcome that matters. Assess application throughput for the G1 change, and startup or warmup behavior for AOT caching. Do not infer one metric from the other.
  4. Validate deployment behavior. Check the JDK distribution’s release notes and verify the AOT-cache and out-of-memory behavior in the configuration you intend to ship.

The official JDK 26 release notes and migration guide do not give a representative benchmark result tied to named hardware and workload, so they support no general numerical claim for either change. Treat gains as application- and configuration-dependent, and make performance claims only from measurements of the relevant workload. Oracle JDK 26 migration guide

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