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To test a browser workflow in C#, use NUnit to discover and run tests, manage test lifecycle, and assert results; use Selenium WebDriver to control the browser. Create an NUnit project, add Selenium’s .NET WebDriver package, then run it with dotnet test. Selenium Manager normally handles driver setup when a driver has not already been provided.

What NUnit and Selenium each do

Your test code calls Selenium’s .NET binding. WebDriver sends browser commands through the browser-specific driver, while NUnit supplies test discovery, setup and teardown hooks, assertions, and pass/fail reporting. Selenium’s documentation puts it plainly: “WebDriver does not know a thing about testing: it does not know how to compare things, assert pass or fail, and it certainly does not know a thing about reporting or Given/When/Then grammar.” Selenium documentation

This separation matters in practice: a successful browser action is not automatically a passing test. Your NUnit assertion defines the expected outcome.

Create an NUnit project and install Selenium

  1. Install the .NET SDK and a supported browser such as Chrome.
  2. Create an NUnit starter project: dotnet new NUnit -n SeleniumNUnitDemo.
  3. Change into the project directory: cd SeleniumNUnitDemo.
  4. Add Selenium’s .NET WebDriver package: dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver.
  5. Restore dependencies and run the starter tests: dotnet restore, then dotnet test.

The Selenium installation guide lists its NuGet packages and currently displays version 4.49.0. The Selenium .NET 4.49.0 release was published September 9, 2026; package versions move over time, so use mutually compatible stable versions when setting up a new project. The Selenium documentation’s example test suite specifies .NET SDK 8.0 or later; that is the stated prerequisite for that example suite, not a universal minimum for every NUnit/Selenium project. Selenium installation guide · Selenium releases · Selenium first script

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Write a browser test with per-test cleanup

This example opens a public test page, submits text, waits for the result heading, and asserts the visible result. Each test gets its own browser session, and NUnit teardown quits it even if an assertion fails.

using NUnit.Framework;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;

[TestFixture]
public class SearchTests
{
    private IWebDriver? _driver;

    [SetUp]
    public void SetUp()
    {
        _driver = new ChromeDriver();
    }

    [TearDown]
    public void TearDown()
    {
        _driver?.Quit();
        _driver?.Dispose();
    }

    [Test]
    public void SubmittingSearchShowsTheQuery()
    {
        var driver = _driver!;
        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

        driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text")).SendKeys("NUnit and Selenium");
        driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button")).Click();

        var wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
        var heading = wait.Until(d => d.FindElement(By.Id("message")));

        Assert.That(heading.Text, Is.EqualTo("Received!"));
    }
}

For this code, add the Selenium support package if it is not already available: dotnet add package Selenium.Support. The explicit wait polls for the result element instead of relying on a fixed sleep. Choose selectors and expected text that match the page and workflow you actually own; public demonstration pages can change.

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Run one test or the whole project

Run the full project from its directory with dotnet test. To filter to one test, use the fully qualified method name:

dotnet test --filter "FullyQualifiedName=Namespace.ClassName.MethodName"

Replace the example namespace, class, and method with those in your test. NUnit’s [SetUp] and [TearDown] run for each test case. Use [OneTimeSetUp] and [OneTimeTearDown] only for fixture-scope initialization and cleanup; sharing a browser across tests can also share state. Avoid multiple setup methods on one class when their order matters, because the relative order of multiple setup methods is undefined. NUnit setup · NUnit teardown

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How Selenium starts the browser driver

With a current Selenium release, new ChromeDriver() is usually enough to get started. Selenium Manager is bundled with Selenium releases beginning at 4.6. If you have not supplied a driver, the bindings can use Selenium Manager as a fallback to discover the browser and driver versions, download a driver, and cache it. Selenium Manager

Manual driver provisioning is still useful in controlled CI environments or where network policy, pinned versions, or a managed browser image requires it. In that case, provision a compatible browser and driver as part of the environment rather than assuming a developer’s local cache will exist.

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Troubleshoot common failures

  • NuGet restore or compile fails: Check that the .NET SDK is installed and that Selenium WebDriver, Selenium.Support, and NUnit packages restore successfully. Review the first package or compiler error and align incompatible package versions.
  • Browser fails to start: Confirm Chrome is installed and can launch in the current environment. Check Selenium Manager’s ability to reach the network and write to its cache; for restricted environments, provide a compatible driver explicitly.
  • Test cannot find an element: Verify the URL, locator, and page state. If content loads asynchronously, wait for a specific condition with WebDriverWait rather than adding a long fixed delay.
  • Test passes locally but fails in CI: Check browser availability, permissions, network access, and whether the CI environment has a display or needs headless browser configuration. Make setup and cleanup deterministic and avoid depending on state left by another test.
  • Browser processes remain after failures: Ensure Quit() and disposal are in teardown or a finally block. Teardown should tolerate setup failing before a driver is assigned.
  • Filtered test runs zero tests: Use the actual fully qualified test name in the filter and confirm the NUnit test adapter and test SDK are present in the project.
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When to use RemoteWebDriver or Grid

Local WebDriver is the simplest starting point: the browser session runs on the machine executing the test. RemoteWebDriver and Selenium Grid let the test code connect to a browser session on another system, which can expand browser and operating-system coverage or distribute sessions across machines. Selenium identifies Grid as its path for scaling execution across machines. Selenium Grid

Choice Where the browser runs Useful when Operational trade-off
Local WebDriver On the test runner’s machine Building and debugging a first suite You manage the local browser environment and available capacity.
RemoteWebDriver / Grid On a remote Grid node or other configured machine Centralized browser/OS coverage or distributing sessions You must configure and maintain remote infrastructure; vendor costs depend on the specific offering and are not established here.

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