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Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to adjust its connections and how its networks function in response to learning, experience, and other demands. It continues throughout life—not only in childhood—but its forms and pace vary with age and from person to person. The brain can change without being endlessly malleable, and change does not guarantee recovery from injury or a boost in every mental ability.
What neuroplasticity means
Neurons communicate through connections that can change with experience. The adult brain can form new connections, strengthen some existing ones, and eliminate others. Because learning is accompanied by changes in the brain, it is one form of neuroplasticity, not a separate process. The National Institutes of Health’s educational resource Information about the Brain describes this capacity as present in the adult brain, too.
This is better understood as ongoing adjustment of connections and networks than as the brain being completely “rewired” whenever someone learns a fact. The changes depend on what is being learned and experienced; they are not necessarily large, permanent, or identical across people.
How does the brain change throughout life?
Brain structure and cognitive function change from childhood into old age, but there is no single lifespan trajectory that describes every person or ability. Changes can be structural, functional, or visible in behavior, and their meaning depends on the brain system and task being studied. A lifespan imaging review notes that understanding how brain morphology relates to cognition requires long-term studies and evidence from more than imaging alone (Sowell et al., 2004).
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The National Academies emphasizes both continuing change and substantial variation among individuals. A finding about an average age-related pattern is not a prediction of what will happen to any one person.
Can adults learn new skills?
Yes. Older adults can learn skills, form memories, and improve language abilities. Some complex learning tasks may take longer, but older learners can often reach similar performance when given more time, according to the National Institute on Aging (NIA).
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Learning is not equally quick or effortless at every age, and the ability to learn does not mean every skill will improve with practice. It does mean that adulthood and older age are not periods in which the brain has stopped changing.
What changes with age—and what may remain strong?
Age-related brain changes can include shrinkage in some regions, less effective communication between neurons in some regions, reduced blood flow, and increased inflammation. These are broad patterns, not a diagnosis or a forecast for an individual. In everyday life, some people notice slower word-finding, more difficulty multitasking, or mild changes in attention. At the same time, many older adults retain or gain vocabulary and accumulated knowledge (NIA).
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Some attention abilities can follow different age patterns
A 2021 study summary from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) illustrates why “everything declines” is too simple. In the attention abilities measured, response times slowed with increasing age, while orienting attention improved into older adulthood. The ability to ignore distractions improved into the mid-to-late 70s before declining; even the oldest participants were no worse at ignoring distractions than the youngest participants in that study. These results concern those particular measures, not cognition as a whole.
Michael T. Ullman, quoted in the NIH summary, said: “But the results from our large study indicate that critical elements of these abilities actually improve during aging, likely because we simply practice these skills throughout our life.” That interpretation applies to the studied attention abilities; it should not be taken to mean that practice reverses all age-related change.
Rank #4
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What can influence cognitive function?
Neuroplasticity is not controlled by one habit. The National Academies identifies sleep quality, physical activity, traumatic brain injury, comorbidities, acute illness, and medications among factors that can affect cognitive function (Cognitive Aging: Progress in Understanding and Opportunities for Action, 2015). A 2024 review of empirical work from 2017–2023 discusses exercise, learning, and environmental enrichment in relation to plasticity while emphasizing that the rate of change varies across the lifespan (Maintaining a Dynamic Brain).
These findings do not establish that a specific activity will rewire the brain, prevent dementia, or produce a guaranteed cognitive benefit. They describe areas of influence and ongoing study, not a one-size-fits-all prescription.
Best Value
- 5-in-1 Connectivity: Equipped with a 4K HDMI port, a 5 Gbps USB-C data port, two 5 Gbps USB-A ports, and a USB C 100W PD-IN port. Note: The USB C 100W PD-IN port supports only charging and does not support data transfer devices such as headphones or speakers.
- Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
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When should a cognitive change be checked?
Some changes in thinking are associated with normal aging and are not necessarily signs of neurodegenerative or other neurological disease, as the National Academies explains. This distinction cannot be made from a general article. If a change is sudden, severe, or interfering with everyday functioning, seek assessment from an appropriate health professional.
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