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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchUse browser.createBrowserContext() to create a separate browser context, then create its pages with context.newPage(). Puppeteer documents that separate contexts do not share cookies or cache, so they are useful when you need independent browser sessions in one launched browser. Use browser.newPage() for a page in the default context instead.
Create an isolated browser context
Launch Puppeteer, create a context, and open pages from that context. The following ES module example creates one isolated session and navigates a page to a site:
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const context = await browser.createBrowserContext();
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
console.log(await page.title());
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Puppeteer’s createBrowserContext() reference documents the method and notes that the new context does not share cookies or cache with other browser contexts. The broader Puppeteer API reference describes context storage as isolated, including cookies and localStorage.
Separate multiple sessions
Create one context per independent session, and create each session’s pages through its own context object:
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const contextA = await browser.createBrowserContext();
const pageA = await contextA.newPage();
const contextB = await browser.createBrowserContext();
const pageB = await contextB.newPage();
await pageA.goto('https://example.com');
await pageB.goto('https://example.org');Pages created from different contexts have separate context storage. This is a way to keep browser sessions apart; Puppeteer’s description of storage isolation is not a general-purpose security guarantee.
Choose between browser.newPage() and context.newPage()
The method you call determines which context owns the page. browser.newPage() creates a page in the browser’s default context. context.newPage() creates one in the context you selected.
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| Choice | Page belongs to | Storage relationship | Useful when |
|---|---|---|---|
browser.newPage() |
The default browser context | It is not a separately created context; pages in the same context use that context’s storage. | You want a page in the browser’s default session. |
context.newPage() |
The specified context | Separate contexts do not share cookies or cache, and context storage is isolated. | You need distinct sessions in one browser instance. |
Puppeteer documents that the launched browser has a default context. You can retrieve it with browser.defaultBrowserContext(), but it cannot be closed. To create a fresh isolated context, use browser.createBrowserContext(). See the Browser class reference and defaultBrowserContext() reference.
List pages in a context or across the browser
Use the narrowest scope that matches the work you are doing:
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context.pages()lists pages in that context.browser.pages()lists pages across the browser, including pages in multiple contexts.
The context-scoped method does not return non-visible pages such as background_page by default; Puppeteer’s reference points to Target.page() for those. Consult BrowserContext.pages() and Browser.pages() for the respective scopes and caveat.
Understand popups and the default context
A page opened with window.open belongs to the same browser context as the page that opened it. That means a popup from a page in an isolated context remains in that context. Puppeteer also notes that Chrome’s non-default contexts are incognito; the default context can be incognito when Chrome is launched with the --incognito argument. These descriptions concern browser context and storage behavior, not a guarantee that a context isolates all forms of access or risk.
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The default context is special: Puppeteer documents that it cannot be closed. The browser.browserContexts() method lists contexts, including the default context. See Browser.browserContexts() for that method.
Common problems and fixes
- Cookies appear to be shared. Check that each session uses a separately created context and that its pages are opened with that context’s
newPage(), rather thanbrowser.newPage(). - A page is missing from your list. If you need pages from every context, use
browser.pages()rather than callingpages()on only one context. Remember that context enumeration excludes non-visible pages such as background pages by default. - You cannot close the context returned by
defaultBrowserContext(). That is documented behavior. Create a separate context withcreateBrowserContext()when you need an independent context. - A custom browser executable behaves unexpectedly. Puppeteer says it is guaranteed to work only with its bundled browser; using a custom
executablePathis at the caller’s risk. Check the LaunchOptions reference and align the Puppeteer and browser versions with the documentation you are using.
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Compatibility and performance notes
The Puppeteer API pages surfaced for this topic carry version labels 25.11.0 and 25.12.0, and those labels can change. Check the current method and launch-option references for the version installed in your project. The cited documentation establishes context and storage behavior, but does not establish that using multiple contexts is faster or slower than using the default context.
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