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The phrase “killing three parasites with one stone” refers to a 2012 research story about a laboratory compound that showed activity against parasites associated with malaria, schistosomiasis, and hookworm. The compound joined amodiaquine, an antimalarial drug, to a nitric-oxide-releasing furoxan group. The study reported in vitro and ex vivo results—not proof that the hybrid is safe or effective in people, or an available treatment.
What the phrase refers to
“Killing three parasites with one stone” was the title of a Royal Society of Chemistry Medicinal Chemistry Blog post published on 19 October 2012 by James Anson. It highlighted a paper by Bryan T. Mott and colleagues, “A furoxan–amodiaquine hybrid as a potential therapeutic for three parasitic diseases,” published in MedChemComm in December 2012. The paper describes an experimental hybrid molecule, not a medicine readers can obtain or use.
Which parasites were studied?
The researchers reported activity against three species linked to distinct diseases:
- Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria.
- Schistosoma mansoni, which causes schistosomiasis.
- Ancylostoma ceylanicum, a hookworm.
The design covalently joined amodiaquine with a furoxan group that releases nitric oxide, aiming to combine activity through multiple mechanisms. The paper’s abstract describes in vitro and ex vivo assays; these are laboratory findings, not clinical results.
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What did the hookworm assay show?
For hookworm, the paper reports an ex vivo adult-worm survival assay. Hybrid 15 was tested at 100 μM over 120 hours. The authors reported a greater percentage of worm death than with the albendazole control, with a statistically significant difference at 72 hours (P < 0.05). This result applies to that assay and its conditions; it does not show that the hybrid treats hookworm infection in people.
What the finding does—and does not—establish
The paper presents the hybrid as an early lead for further structure–activity exploration, which could help researchers investigate how changes to the molecule affect activity. “Potential therapeutic” in the paper’s title should not be read as meaning approved, clinically proven, or available. The reported work does not establish human safety or efficacy, and the sources documenting the study do not establish the compound’s development status as of 7 October 2026.
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The paper’s introduction cited a World Health Organization estimate that more than 400 million people were infected with malaria, schistosomiasis, or hookworm. That is a historical figure reported in a 2012 paper, not a current prevalence estimate.
How it differs from a similarly titled 2016 story
A separate Novartis story published on 1 December 2016 used the title “Killing three diseases with one stone in the lab.” It concerned a different experimental compound and kinetoplastid parasites associated with Chagas disease, African sleeping sickness, and leishmaniasis. The two stories describe different compounds, disease sets, and research accounts; the 2016 findings should not be attributed to the furoxan–amodiaquine study.
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