JUnit 5 is a modular generation of the JUnit testing framework, not a synonym for the Jupiter API alone. It comprises the JUnit Platform, JUnit Jupiter, and JUnit Vintage. Use Jupiter to write new tests, the Platform to discover and launch test engines, and Vintage when you need to run legacy JUnit 3 or 4 tests alongside newer tests. This guide covers JUnit 5 specifically; the JUnit team reports JUnit 6.1.3 as the current GA release, dated August 7, 2026. Pin examples and dependencies to the major version your project actually uses.
What JUnit 5 means: Platform, Jupiter, and Vintage
JUnit 5 is an umbrella for three cooperating components. They have different roles, and a project does not necessarily need every component.
| Component | Role | When it matters |
|---|---|---|
| JUnit Platform | Provides the test-engine and launch layer used to discover and run tests, along with integration points for build tools and IDEs. | When a build or IDE launches tests through the JUnit Platform. |
| JUnit Jupiter | Provides the programming model for writing Jupiter tests, its extension model, and the Jupiter test engine. | When authoring and executing new tests with Jupiter annotations and APIs. |
| JUnit Vintage | Provides an engine for running legacy JUnit 3- and JUnit 4-style tests on the Platform. | When an existing suite still contains older JUnit tests during a staged transition. |
Jupiter is not a standalone runner: it supplies the authoring model and engine, while the Platform is the launch layer. Vintage is a compatibility engine, not a converter that automatically rewrites older tests.
Choose a version before adding dependencies
JUnit 5 remains a distinct major-version line. The JUnit Team’s release notes date JUnit 5.13.1 to June 7, 2025; the JUnit repository reports JUnit 6.1.3 GA on August 7, 2026. Those dates identify releases, not a compatibility matrix. Do not copy a JUnit 5 dependency into a JUnit 6 project, or assume the Java, build-tool, or plugin requirements are interchangeable. Consult the guide for the exact release you select: JUnit 5.11 User Guide, JUnit 5.13.1 release notes, and the JUnit repository.
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The setup examples below are pinned to JUnit 5.11.0. Verify that release’s Java requirements and your build tool’s support in the official guide before adopting them; they are not JUnit 6 instructions.
Add JUnit 5 to Maven
For a Maven project using the JUnit 5.11.0 Jupiter programming model, add the Jupiter aggregate dependency in test scope. It supplies the usual Jupiter API and engine components. If Maven does not already have a suitable Surefire plugin configured, configure a version that supports the Platform and verify it against the JUnit guide and the plugin’s own documentation; do not assume the Maven default is adequate.
<properties>
<junit.version>5.11.0</junit.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>Put tests in Maven’s test source tree, conventionally src/test/java, and run mvn test. Confirm that the build reports the expected test count and does not merely finish successfully without discovering tests. If you need Vintage for older tests, add the matching junit-vintage-engine version explicitly and check the versioned guide for any additional dependencies or compatibility considerations.
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Add JUnit 5 to Gradle
For Gradle with the JUnit 5.11.0 Jupiter model, declare Jupiter and configure the test task to use the JUnit Platform. The following is a Groovy DSL example; use equivalent syntax in Kotlin DSL.
dependencies {
testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.11.0'
}
test {
useJUnitPlatform()
}Place tests in the project’s test source set and run ./gradlew test on Unix-like systems or gradlew.bat test on Windows. Confirm Gradle discovers the tests. To run legacy JUnit tests too, add a version-aligned Vintage engine dependency, then verify discovery and compatibility against the JUnit 5.11 guide. The exact Gradle, Java, and engine requirements depend on the versions in your build.
Write and organize a Jupiter test
A basic Jupiter test uses @Test and assertions from org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions. Name tests after the behavior they verify, keep each test focused, and arrange test data so a failure is easy to understand.
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import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
class PriceCalculatorTest {
@Test
void appliesDiscountToSubtotal() {
PriceCalculator calculator = new PriceCalculator();
int total = calculator.totalAfterDiscount(100, 10);
assertEquals(90, total);
}
}JUnit does not require a particular naming style, but a test should make its setup, action, and expected result apparent. Prefer an assertion that communicates the expected outcome over a long test that checks several unrelated behaviors.
Use lifecycle callbacks deliberately
Jupiter provides lifecycle annotations such as @BeforeEach and @AfterEach for work repeated around individual tests, and @BeforeAll and @AfterAll for work around a test class. Keep shared setup small: hidden state can make tests order-dependent and harder to diagnose. Check the selected version’s user guide for lifecycle details, including method requirements and execution order, rather than relying on assumptions from JUnit 4.
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Add parameterized tests when inputs share one behavior
Parameterized tests belong to the Jupiter Params capability. They let a single test method exercise a behavior with multiple inputs and expected results. For JUnit 5.11.0, include the version-aligned junit-jupiter-params dependency if it is not otherwise supplied by your chosen dependency setup, then use the exact source annotations and argument-provider APIs documented for that release. Choose parameterized tests when the cases express the same rule; split them into separate tests when the setup or behavior meaningfully differs. Keep the data readable and ensure each case makes failures identifiable.
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Use Jupiter extensions for reusable test behavior
An extension packages test behavior that would otherwise be repeated, such as integrating a resource or participating in a test lifecycle. Jupiter’s extension model is broader and more consistent than treating every customization as a runner or rule. The JUnit 5.9 User Guide describes Jupiter as “the combination of the programming model and extension model for writing tests and extensions in JUnit 5.” Use documentation for your exact release for registration locations, lifecycle callbacks, and callback ordering; these details can be subtle.
Declarative registration with @ExtendWith
Use @ExtendWith when an extension should apply to a test class or method through an annotation.
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@ExtendWith(AuditExtension.class)
class AccountServiceTest {
@Test
void createsAccount() {
// Test behavior
}
}AuditExtension here represents an extension your project provides or implements; it is not a built-in JUnit class.
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Programmatic registration with @RegisterExtension
Use @RegisterExtension when the test needs to construct or configure an extension instance as a field. Its supported locations and interaction with lifecycle ordering depend on the JUnit version. Follow the selected version’s extension documentation before relying on a particular ordering or callback behavior.
Automatic registration through Java ServiceLoader
Jupiter also supports extension registration through Java’s ServiceLoader. This can be useful when an extension should be discovered more broadly rather than declared on each test, but it changes how the extension enters the test environment. Enable and configure it only as documented for the exact JUnit version in use.
Migrate from JUnit 4 in stages
A staged migration can keep old tests running while new tests use Jupiter: the Platform can run Jupiter and, with the Vintage engine present, legacy JUnit 3/4-style tests. That is a compatibility path, not a guarantee that every JUnit 4 runner or rule works unchanged.
- Inventory the suite. Identify JUnit 4 runners, rules, lifecycle annotations, test dependencies, and build configuration before changing them.
- Choose a target JUnit 5 release. Align Jupiter, Platform, and Vintage components to that release, and check its guide for Java and build-tool requirements.
- Keep legacy execution explicit. Add Vintage only if you still need to execute older tests on the Platform. Confirm both old and new tests are discovered by your build.
- Convert representative tests. Update annotations and assertions where appropriate, then handle each runner or rule according to migration documentation. There is no universal automatic conversion table.
- Remove the bridge only when ready. Once no legacy tests require it, reassess whether Vintage remains necessary and remove it only after verifying the suite still runs.
For details, use the migration guidance for the selected release rather than assuming that similarly named JUnit 4 and Jupiter APIs have identical semantics.
Verify discovery and troubleshoot failed test runs
- The build succeeds but runs zero tests: Confirm the tests are in the build tool’s test source set, use Jupiter’s
@Testimport rather than JUnit 4’s, and make sure the Platform is configured as the runner. In Gradle, check foruseJUnitPlatform(). - Jupiter annotations are unresolved: Check that the Jupiter dependency is in test scope and that its version is available to the project. Reimport or refresh the build after editing dependencies.
- Tests compile but are not discovered: Verify that the build’s test engine and test runner are compatible with the selected JUnit release. Check the build output for test filters, include/exclude rules, and the actual test count.
- Old tests stop running after adding Jupiter: Jupiter does not itself execute JUnit 3/4 tests. If those tests must run on the Platform, add a version-aligned Vintage engine and inspect runner/rule compatibility for the cases in your suite.
- Lifecycle behavior differs from expectation: Review imports and annotation choices, then check the selected version’s lifecycle and extension documentation. Avoid depending on unspecified order or shared mutable state.
- Build behavior differs between command line and IDE: Confirm the IDE uses the same project model, dependencies, and test engine configuration as the command-line build; IDE support is version-dependent.
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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options. Cookie banners are accepted and removed along with known newsletter popups and chat widgets before capture; those cleanup steps can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing, with response headers indicating the page verdict and billing status. An MCP server exposes screenshot tools to Claude, Cursor, and other MCP clients. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Learn more at ScreenshotNeo or sign up for the free plan.
Further reading and version-specific checks
- JUnit 5.11.0 User Guide for dependencies, build integration, authoring, and supported extensions.
- JUnit 5.13.1 release notes for that release’s dated changes.
- JUnit framework repository for current project release information.
There is no adoption or market-share statistic established here; release dates should not be interpreted as evidence of popularity or test effectiveness.
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