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Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →JavaScript functions can create, read, update, and delete properties on ordinary objects. These operations change in-memory JavaScript values; they do not, by themselves, save data to a database or send an API request.
What CRUD means for a JavaScript object
An object associates property keys with values. A property’s value can itself be a function; a function stored on an object is commonly called a method. For example, { title: "Draft" } has a title property whose value is a string.
For an ordinary in-memory object, CRUD means creating a property, reading its value, updating that value, or deleting the property. The core operations use assignment, property access, and the delete operator. [MDN: Working with objects]
How to create, read, update, and delete a property
This set of helpers works with a record-like object and a key. The key is passed as a variable, so the helpers use bracket notation.
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function createRecord(id, value) {
return { id, value };
}
function readProperty(record, key) {
return Object.hasOwn(record, key) ? record[key] : undefined;
}
function updateProperty(record, key, value) {
record[key] = value;
return record;
}
function deleteProperty(record, key) {
return delete record[key];
}
const record = createRecord("task-1", "Draft");
readProperty(record, "value"); // "Draft"
updateProperty(record, "value", "Published");
deleteProperty(record, "value");Create with a new object or add to an existing one
createRecord returns a new object literal with id and value properties. To add a property to an existing object, assign to it: record.status = "open". Assignment also replaces the value if that key already exists, so it does not inherently distinguish creating a property from updating one.
Use dot notation when the property name is known and is a valid identifier. Use brackets when the key is computed or held in a variable: record[key] = value. Brackets also allow property names that are not valid identifiers, such as record["display-name"]. [MDN: Working with objects]
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Read a property and check whether it exists
Read a known property with record.value, or a dynamic key with record[key]. Reading a missing property produces undefined. That value alone cannot tell you whether the property is absent or present with the value undefined.
Object.hasOwn(record, key) checks whether the property belongs directly to record. This is useful when the operation should consider only the object’s own properties, not properties inherited through its prototype. The in operator is different: it also finds inherited properties. [MDN: Working with objects]
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Update by assigning a replacement value
record[key] = value replaces a writable property’s value. If the property does not exist, assignment may create it, provided the object allows extensions. Getters and setters, property descriptors, and frozen or otherwise constrained objects can change what assignment does; it is not guaranteed to succeed in every case. [MDN: Object]
The example’s update helper mutates the object it receives, then returns that same object. Returning it can be convenient for a caller, but the mutation is visible through other references even if the helper returns nothing.
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Delete a property and interpret the result
delete record[key] attempts to remove an own configurable property and returns a boolean. Deleting a nonexistent property has no effect and returns true. If a property with the same name is inherited, deleting an own property reveals the inherited one; it does not remove the prototype’s property.
A non-configurable own property cannot be deleted. In strict mode, attempting to delete one throws a TypeError; outside strict mode, the operation returns false. Deletion removes a property reference from the object—it is not an instruction to free memory directly. [MDN: delete]
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What a function that changes an object changes
When an object is passed to a function, the parameter refers to the same object value as the caller’s variable. Changing a property through that parameter changes the object the caller can observe:
function setStatus(item, status) {
item.status = status;
}
const task = { status: "draft" };
setStatus(task, "published");
// task.status is now "published"Reassigning the parameter is different. It changes only the local parameter binding, not the caller’s variable:
function replaceLocally(item) {
item = { status: "published" };
}
const task = { status: "draft" };
replaceLocally(task);
// task.status is still "draft"This distinction explains why a mutation helper can change caller-visible state without returning a replacement object. [MDN: Functions]
Choosing mutation, property scope, and key notation
| Choice | What it means | When it fits |
|---|---|---|
| Mutate the object | Assign or delete on the existing object; references to it observe the change. | When callers are expected to share the changed object. |
| Return a copy | Build a separate shallow object, for example with object spread or Object.assign; the original object keeps its identity and top-level properties. |
When callers need a distinct object rather than a mutation. A shallow copy does not recursively copy nested objects. [MDN: Object] |
| Use dot notation | Access a fixed, identifier-like property, such as record.name. |
When the key is known in the code. |
| Use bracket notation | Access a computed key or a key held in a variable, such as record[key]. |
When the property name is dynamic or not identifier-like. |
| Check own properties | Object.hasOwn(record, key) tests direct ownership. |
When inherited properties should not count as present. |
| Check the prototype chain | key in record includes both own and inherited properties. |
Only when inherited properties are intentionally in scope. |
For create-only behavior, check whether the key is already present and define what should happen on a conflict. Plain assignment replaces an existing value rather than rejecting the operation. Property descriptors can also make properties non-writable or non-configurable, or expose getter and setter behavior; Object.freeze is one way an object’s properties can be restricted. [MDN: Object]
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In-memory CRUD is not database or API CRUD
Changing record.status or running delete record.status changes a JavaScript object in memory. Those language operations do not persist the change after a page or process ends, synchronize it with a server, or provide database transaction behavior. Database and HTTP CRUD require a separate storage or API layer with its own request, persistence, and error-handling rules. [MDN: Working with objects] [MDN: Object]
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