Build the game in layers: create a 3×3 board, track and render moves, enforce the rules, then add an AI opponent and neon styling. The result can support human-versus-AI and local two-player play, with difficulty levels and a scoreboard; those are features documented by the project repository, not independently verified test results. Project repository
What you need before you start
This project assumes basic familiarity with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. You should be comfortable with variables, functions, arrays, loops, conditionals, DOM manipulation, and event listeners. The two tutorials used here offer complementary approaches: one outlines array-based state and a canvas drawing workflow, while the other uses DOM buttons for cells. Code Explained tutorial · Tic-tac-toe tutorial with minimax
The game needs no paid product, framework, or external library according to the project repository. Project repository
Build the board and enforce the rules
Represent and render nine cells
Use a nine-position array as the game state, with each position empty, X, or O. Render the positions as a 3×3 grid. A separate array keeps the rules straightforward; the Code Explained tutorial instead describes an array-based state with canvas input and drawing. Code Explained tutorial
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Accept only legal moves
Attach a click handler to each cell. When a player selects a cell, first check that it is empty and the round is still active. If both checks pass, record the current mark in the board state and render the new mark. Ignore clicks on occupied cells so they cannot overwrite a move.
Check for a win or draw after every move
For a 3×3 board, the eight winning lines are three rows, three columns, and two diagonals. Check whether all three positions in any line contain the same non-empty mark. If not, a full board is a draw. Otherwise, switch the current mark and wait for the next turn. These are the game rules and workflow described in the Code Explained tutorial, published in June 2020. Code Explained tutorial
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Add reset and play modes
Keep round state separate from display state so starting over can clear the board, stop any pending AI action, and restore the first turn cleanly. Offer a mode choice between two local players and a human against the computer. The related tutorial describes both modes, a reset path, and score persistence using localStorage. Tic-tac-toe tutorial with minimax
For cell controls, the tutorial uses HTML buttons, which provide keyboard operation by default. That is a useful accessibility advantage over making arbitrary elements clickable without adding keyboard behavior. Tic-tac-toe tutorial with minimax
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Choose how the AI makes a move
| Level | Move strategy documented by the project |
|---|---|
| Easy | Chooses a random available move. Project repository |
| Medium | Checks for an immediate win or a move that blocks the opponent, according to the project README. Project repository |
| Hard | Uses minimax to simulate possible game states and choose an optimal move, according to the project README. Project repository |
Why minimax works for tic-tac-toe
Minimax considers the possible continuations of a position: the computer chooses a move that maximizes its outcome while assuming the other player will choose moves that minimize it. Since tic-tac-toe has a small board, the game tree is manageable. The separate tutorial also demonstrates alpha-beta pruning, which skips branches that cannot change the decision. This is search, not machine learning or model training. Tic-tac-toe tutorial with minimax
Keep the AI behind the same move-validation path as a human player. It should select an empty cell, update state, and trigger the same win-or-draw check; otherwise, the game can behave differently depending on who made the move.
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Apply the neon style after the game works
Once the rules and turns are reliable, use CSS for the visual treatment: a dark background, bright neon colors, text and cell glow, grid spacing, hover feedback, and restrained animations. The project README lists a neon palette, animated grid, responsive board, and interaction effects. These are documented project features, not claims from an independent test. Project repository
Keep the board usable at narrow widths and preserve clear contrast between X, O, empty cells, and the winning line. Avoid making glow or animation the only indication of whose turn it is or whether the round has ended.
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What this project does—and does not—establish
The repository describes a vanilla HTML/CSS/JavaScript game with human-versus-AI and local two-player modes, three AI difficulty levels, animation, and a live scoreboard. These details are repository claims; the available material does not establish independent execution or testing of its implementation. Project repository The cited Code Explained tutorial dates to June 2020, so its game rules and general workflow remain useful here, but its exact code should not be treated as current browser guidance. Code Explained tutorial
Quick Recap
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