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What a first TestNG test does
TestNG is a Java testing framework. A test method uses annotations such as @Test to tell the framework what to run, and an assertion expresses the expected result. If the assertion fails, the test fails. TestNG supports testing at different levels, from unit tests through integration tests; a browser is not required for a basic test. See the TestNG documentation.
Create a minimal Maven test
1. Add TestNG as a test dependency
In your Maven project’s pom.xml, add TestNG under <dependencies>. Replace TESTNG_VERSION with a version compatible with your JDK and Maven test runner; consult the current TestNG Maven setup and TestNG download information rather than treating an example version as universally suitable.
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>TESTNG_VERSION</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
The test scope makes TestNG available for tests without making it a production dependency. If you configure Maven Surefire explicitly, select a plugin version compatible with your project and follow its current TestNG integration guidance.
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2. Create the test class
Put this file at src/test/java/FirstTest.java, the conventional Maven test source directory:
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class FirstTest {
@Test
public void additionReturnsExpectedSum() {
int actual = 2 + 3;
Assert.assertEquals(actual, 5);
}
}
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TestNG discovers the method through @Test. The assertion compares the actual value with the expected value: a match passes, while a mismatch fails the test. This example checks arithmetic in Java only—it does not visit a website.
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- From Maven: run
mvn testat the project root. Maven’s test lifecycle uses Surefire to discover and run tests according to its configuration. - From an IDE: use the IDE’s TestNG run action for the test class or method. In IntelliJ IDEA, use its documented TestNG setup and run workflow; exact labels can vary by release. See IntelliJ IDEA’s TestNG documentation.
Check the runner output for the test count and pass/fail result. Maven’s expected test source and naming conventions are described in the Surefire inclusion and exclusion guide; discovery also depends on your plugin configuration.
When the goal is browser automation: add Selenium
A browser test has a different job: start a browser session, navigate to a page, locate and interact with elements, inspect the result, and close the session. Selenium WebDriver supplies that browser-control layer; TestNG remains the test runner and assertion framework. Selenium’s Java first-script guide demonstrates this workflow.
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Add Selenium to Maven
Add Selenium’s Java library as another dependency. Use the version currently recommended by the Selenium Java library setup guide, and check that it fits your JDK and browser-driver setup.
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>SELENIUM_VERSION</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
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This example adapts Selenium’s documented sample form workflow. It uses ChromeDriver, enters text, submits the form, checks the resulting message, and quits the browser even if an assertion or interaction fails.
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class WebFormTest {
@Test
public void submitsWebForm() {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
try {
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");
driver.findElement(By.name("my-text")).sendKeys("TestNG");
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button")).click();
String message = driver.findElement(By.id("message")).getText();
Assert.assertEquals(message, "Received!");
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
Use this as a starting point, and confirm the sample page’s element names and expected output against Selenium’s current guide if you adapt it. Selenium’s setup instructions cover the prerequisites and Maven execution path. A teardown method can also manage the driver when a test class has several browser tests; whichever approach you use, ensure the browser session closes after failures too.
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Choose the right first workflow
| Approach | What it checks | Setup and trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| TestNG alone | Java behavior and application logic that can be checked without a real browser. | Smallest setup; a fast way to learn test annotations and assertions. |
| TestNG with Selenium | Browser-visible behavior, such as submitting a form and reading the response. | Requires Selenium, a browser and a compatible driver environment; exercises more of the user-facing flow. |
An IDE run action is convenient while authoring one test. Maven’s mvn test is useful for repeatable project-level execution and automation that invokes the Maven lifecycle.
Troubleshoot common first-test problems
- Imports such as
org.testngare unresolved: check that the dependency is inside the correct Maven<dependencies>element, the version is valid, and Maven has reloaded the project. Verify that your JDK and dependency versions are compatible. - Maven reports no tests: confirm the class is under
src/test/java, the method has@Test, and the class name and Surefire configuration allow discovery. Check the runner output and current Surefire TestNG guidance. - The IDE does not offer a TestNG run action: verify the IDE recognizes the project dependency and that TestNG support is configured for the project, following the IDE’s current setup instructions.
- The browser test cannot start Chrome: check Selenium’s current Java setup guidance for the JDK, browser, and driver requirements for your environment. Browser startup is a Selenium setup issue, not a failure of the TestNG-only test.
- The browser opens but an element lookup fails: verify that the page loaded the expected content and that the locator still matches the page. Element identifiers and page behavior can change.
- A browser remains open after a failure: put
driver.quit()in afinallyblock or a reliable TestNG teardown so cleanup runs when a test throws an exception.
Or skip the browser setup
For a screenshot of a page rather than an interactive Selenium test, ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server. A single GET request can return a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. Its API call can replace browser setup when the result you need is a page capture, not browser-driven interaction.
cURL example; see the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for parameters:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html -o shot.webp
ScreenshotNeo accepts cookie or consent banners before capture and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; these steps can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing, and response headers report the page verdict and whether the shot was billed. Its MCP server offers take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf for AI agents. The Free plan includes 1,000 shots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots. These captures are not a substitute for Selenium when a test must click, type, or verify interactive behavior.
Sign up for ScreenshotNeo’s free plan to get 1,000 screenshots a month with no card.
Quick Recap
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