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What a live-stream webhook does
A webhook is an HTTP callback a service sends when an asynchronous event occurs. Instead of repeatedly polling an API to ask whether a stream has changed state, your application receives a POST at a configured URL. It can then update a database, change a viewer-facing status, or queue follow-on work. Mux describes this event-driven approach in its webhook guide; its live-streaming guide covers the broader streaming workflow.
A webhook notification is not the video stream itself. It is a message about an event, such as an encoder connecting or a stream becoming playable. Your application must interpret that message according to the provider’s event definitions.
Set up a live-stream webhook
- Choose the provider and events. Identify the lifecycle changes your app needs, and distinguish them from upload or asset-processing events. Subscribe only to event types that your application will handle.
- Create a reachable HTTPS route. Configure the callback URL in the provider’s dashboard or API. For Mux, webhook endpoints are scoped to an environment; the endpoint and the live-stream resources it serves must belong to the same environment. For Twitch EventSub, the callback has specific SSL and port requirements described below.
- Save the signing secret securely. Use the provider’s documented signature scheme to authenticate incoming requests before trusting their content. Do not put secrets in source code or logs. In Mux, the create response includes the signing secret once; later list and retrieve calls do not return it. Store it when creating the endpoint. See Mux’s webhook management guide.
- Verify, parse, and deduplicate. Preserve the raw request body if the provider’s signature calculation requires it. After verification, parse the event and use its provider event or message ID to recognize a delivery you have already processed.
- Return a prompt acknowledgement. Perform only the quick verification and durable handoff needed in the request handler. Enqueue slow database work, notifications, or media processing, then acknowledge successfully so the provider does not wait on that work.
- Test before production. Exercise verification challenges, normal notifications, invalid signatures, retries, and duplicate events. Confirm production delivery separately from local testing.
Mux endpoint permissions
Mux supports endpoint setup in its Dashboard or Webhooks API. The API requires System permissions: reading requires system:read, while creating, updating, and deleting require system:write. Because the signing secret is returned only at creation, ensure your secret-storage step is ready before creating the endpoint.
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Interpret Mux live-stream lifecycle events
Mux event names describe different moments in the stream lifecycle; they should not all be treated as “live” or “ended.” The distinctions below follow the Mux event guide and webhook reference.
| Event | Meaning for your application |
|---|---|
video.live_stream.created |
The live-stream resource was created. This does not by itself mean an encoder is sending video. |
video.live_stream.connected |
The encoder connected. |
video.live_stream.recording |
Mux processed initial frames and recording started. |
video.live_stream.active |
The stream is playable. Before it becomes active, an HLS playback request may return HTTP 412. |
video.live_stream.disconnected |
The encoder disconnected, but the stream remains active during its reconnect window. Do not treat this event alone as a confirmed end. |
video.live_stream.idle |
The reconnect window expired and the stream status moved to idle. |
video.live_stream.simulcast_target.broadcasting and video.live_stream.simulcast_target.errored |
For multi-destination broadcasts, these target-specific events can drive per-destination status in your application. |
Secure the endpoint and handle delivery reliably
Verify authenticity before acting
Treat the callback as a public internet route. Reject requests that fail the selected provider’s signature check before applying their claimed state changes. Signature formats are provider-specific. For example, Twitch EventSub’s official handler guide specifies HMAC-SHA256 over the message ID, message timestamp, and raw request body concatenated in that order, using the subscription secret. Keep the raw body available through verification and compare signatures in a time-safe way. Return a 4XX response when verification fails. Do not apply Twitch’s formula to Mux or another provider.
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Keep request handling short
Twitch notification requests should be acknowledged within a few seconds. If work will take longer, place the event in temporary storage or a queue, return a 2XX response, and continue processing asynchronously. Twitch may revoke a subscription after too many slow responses.
Mux’s individual delivery attempts time out after 5 seconds. Unsuccessful deliveries are retried over the next 24 hours with increasing delay, and duplicate deliveries can occur even after a 2XX response. These documented behaviors make idempotency essential: record processed event IDs or otherwise ensure repeating the same event cannot trigger duplicate side effects. Do not assume exactly-once delivery. See the Mux webhook guide and Twitch handler guide.
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Mux and Twitch EventSub are different protocols
Both providers deliver callback messages, but their lifecycle semantics, verification steps, delivery behavior, and development tools are not interchangeable. Implement against the documentation for the provider you actually use.
| Implementation concern | Mux | Twitch EventSub |
|---|---|---|
| Events and lifecycle | Includes live-stream states such as connected, active, disconnected, and idle, plus simulcast-target events. | Has its own EventSub message types, including callback verification, notifications, and revocations. |
| Endpoint setup and reachability | Configure in the Dashboard or Webhooks API; endpoints are scoped to an environment. | Callback must use SSL and listen on port 443. |
| Verification | Use Mux’s documented signature scheme and the endpoint’s signing secret. | For a new subscription, respond to webhook_callback_verification with HTTP 200 and the raw challenge string. Notifications use Twitch’s documented HMAC-SHA256 construction. |
| Delivery handling | Attempts time out after 5 seconds; unsuccessful deliveries are retried over the next 24 hours with increasing delay, and duplicates may occur after a 2XX. | Acknowledge notification requests within a few seconds; slow responses can lead to subscription revocation. |
| Local testing | CLI can forward, replay retained listen-session events, and trigger synthetic events; forwarding is for local development and has no delivery guarantees. | The CLI can test challenge and notification handling. |
For exact behavior and changes over time, consult the provider’s current Mux webhook documentation or Twitch EventSub handler guide.
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Test locally, then verify production delivery
- Mux: Its CLI can forward events to a local route, replay events retained from listen sessions, and trigger synthetic events without creating real resources. A tunnel such as ngrok can expose a local endpoint for testing. CLI forwarding is for local development and has no delivery guarantees; configure a production endpoint in the Dashboard for production delivery. See the Mux webhook guide.
- Twitch: Use its CLI to test challenge and notification handling, following the official handler guide.
- Both: Test valid and invalid signatures, challenge responses where applicable, duplicate event IDs, queue failures, and the state changes your UI should show. A successful local test confirms your handler’s behavior in that test; it is not proof that production delivery is configured or guaranteed.
Troubleshoot common webhook problems
- Your app says the stream ended when the encoder briefly dropped: With Mux,
video.live_stream.disconnectedoccurs while the stream remains active during the reconnect window. Wait for the lifecycle state to progress;video.live_stream.idlemarks expiration of that window. - Playback is unavailable just after connection: For Mux, the stream may not yet be active. A playback HLS request can return HTTP 412 before
video.live_stream.active. - A provider retries an event your app already handled: The handler may have timed out or the provider may send a duplicate. Persist a processed-event ID and make downstream effects idempotent rather than assuming one delivery.
- Twitch rejects your callback or revokes a subscription: Check that the callback uses SSL on port 443, returns the raw challenge with HTTP 200 during verification, and acknowledges notifications within a few seconds.
- Signature verification fails unexpectedly: Confirm you are using the right provider-specific algorithm, secret, and exact request body. For Twitch, preserve the raw body and use the documented message ID, timestamp, and body order; do not verify a re-serialized JSON body.
- Mux events do not match the resources you expect: Check that the webhook endpoint and live-stream resource are in the same Mux environment.
- Local forwarding works but production does not: Local CLI forwarding does not guarantee production delivery. Configure the production endpoint in the provider’s dashboard or API and verify its reachability and secret handling there.
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