Use your router’s data-fetching workflow to build pages from API or CMS content: in the Pages Router, fetch page data with getStaticProps and choose dynamic paths with getStaticPaths; in the App Router, fetch in an async Server Component and define dynamic paths with generateStaticParams. Then choose how generated data stays fresh—at build time only, on a revalidation schedule, after an on-demand invalidation, or at request time. Check the documentation for your installed Next.js version because caching defaults and options can change.
Choose the workflow for your router
First identify whether the page lives under pages/ or app/. These routers use different APIs for static generation; do not mix their functions. A CMS is simply the source of data, not a separate rendering mode. Whether you use a CMS API, another HTTP API, or a database client, fit its data access into the router’s build, cache, and refresh lifecycle.
| Application | Fetch page data | Define dynamic routes | What happens during ISR |
|---|---|---|---|
Pages Router (pages/) |
getStaticProps runs at build time and supplies data as page props. Next.js Pages Router SSG guide |
getStaticPaths returns routes for a dynamic page to prerender. Next.js Pages Router dynamic paths guide |
Choose a regeneration strategy when generated output must be updated after the build. Next.js Pages Router SSG guide |
App Router (app/) |
Fetch in an async Server Component, such as a page component. Next.js App Router fetching guide | generateStaticParams returns objects with values for the dynamic segments. Next.js generateStaticParams reference |
generateStaticParams is not called again during ISR; data and route freshness must be handled separately. Next.js generateStaticParams reference |
Pages Router: fetch content and prerender routes
Fetch records with getStaticProps
For a page whose content comes from external data, export getStaticProps from its file under pages/. Next.js runs it at build time and passes the returned data to the page component as props. The official SSG guide demonstrates this pattern with a CMS-backed blog. Read the Pages Router SSG guide.
Conceptually, the page loads the records in getStaticProps, returns the values needed to render, and renders those props in its component. Keep the data needed for the page in the returned props; the static HTML is built from that result. When content only needs to reflect the source as it existed at build time, no later regeneration is required.
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Use getStaticPaths when slugs determine URLs
For a dynamic page such as pages/blog/[slug].tsx, export getStaticPaths to identify which slugs Next.js should prerender. Fetch the relevant list from the API or CMS and map each record to a path parameter matching the filename. The page’s getStaticProps can then use the slug to retrieve the content for that route. See the dynamic paths guide.
Static generation is a good fit when pages can be prepared before a request. If the content must be fetched separately for each request, the Pages Router overview distinguishes that request-time approach from static generation; if static output needs later updates, use incremental static regeneration (ISR). Compare Pages Router data-fetching strategies.
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App Router: fetch in Server Components and generate dynamic params
Fetch data in an async Server Component
In the App Router, a page or other Server Component can be asynchronous, await fetch, and use the returned data to render. The fetching guide also covers asynchronous I/O through an ORM or database. Identical fetch requests in a React component tree are memoized, while uncached requests can hold up rendering until they resolve. Use a streaming boundary such as loading.js or <Suspense> when surrounding UI should render while slower data is pending. Read the App Router fetching guide.
Map API records to generateStaticParams
For a route such as app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx, export generateStaticParams and return an array of objects whose keys match the dynamic segment names. For example, a [slug] segment needs objects shaped like {"slug":"example-post"}. Fetch the record list and map its slugs or IDs into that array; Next.js uses the returned values to generate those route variants at build time. See the generateStaticParams reference.
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This is the App Router counterpart to Pages Router getStaticPaths, but it has an important lifecycle distinction: Next.js does not call generateStaticParams again during ISR. Regenerating a page therefore does not automatically refresh the set of generated route parameters. The API reference also describes behavior for unlisted parameters through dynamicParams. If using Cache Components, an empty array from generateStaticParams causes a build error; at least one parameter is required in that mode. Check the current route-generation details.
Choose how content stays fresh
Static generation determines when a page is prepared; caching and revalidation determine how long its data or output can remain in use. Do not assume a default from memory: Next.js caching behavior has changed across versions and may depend on rendering mode. Verify the documentation that matches the version installed in your project.
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Build-only content
If content changes rarely and can wait for the next deployment, generate it at build time and do not configure periodic or event-driven regeneration. This is the simplest lifecycle, but it means an edit in the CMS does not by itself update the deployed page.
Timed regeneration with ISR
For content that should refresh periodically, use the revalidation mechanism for your router and version. The App Router ISR guide shows an example using revalidate = 60; that is an illustrative interval, not a universal recommendation. It also describes an hourly example in which the next visitor receives the cached stale page while Next.js generates a fresh version in the background. Choose an interval based on how quickly edits must appear and how frequently pages are requested. Read the App Router ISR guide.
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On-demand invalidation after an edit
When a CMS change should trigger refresh without waiting for a timer, the App Router ISR guide documents revalidatePath for invalidating a route and revalidateTag for targeting tagged data. The documented behavior is regeneration on the next request after invalidation; do not treat invalidation as a promise of an immediate rebuild. For ORM or database work, the same guide shows unstable_cache as a caching option. Review the ISR and invalidation guidance.
Request-time data or uncached fetches
When each request must retrieve fresh data, the App Router’s extended server-side fetch accepts cache: 'no-store'. For cache lookup, the docs describe cache: 'force-cache'; for a defined cache lifetime, use next: { revalidate: seconds }. These choices have distinct meanings, and should be made intentionally rather than combined by habit. Check the current fetch options.
These fetch options apply to Next.js’s extended server-side fetch behavior. A database or ORM client does not automatically inherit those options; use the cache and revalidation approach documented for the relevant router and framework version.
Plan route volume and unknown paths
Returning every record from a large CMS means more route variants are prepared during the build. If build duration or record volume makes that impractical, consider generating only a subset and determine what the installed version does when a visitor requests a parameter that was not returned. In the App Router, dynamicParams controls behavior for unspecified dynamic segments; consult its current documentation before relying on runtime generation or blocking behavior. Cache Components impose the empty-array restriction noted above. Review the route-parameter options.
- Use all known paths when the collection is manageable and every page should be ready at deployment.
- Use a subset when build cost matters, but explicitly decide how missing parameters are handled.
- Separate route discovery from page-data freshness: in the App Router, ISR does not rerun
generateStaticParams.
Verify behavior against your installed Next.js version
Next.js behavior evolves, especially caching defaults. Confirm the installed version and consult its matching documentation before choosing a cache mode, revalidation period, or unknown-route behavior. The current documentation pages cited here include update dates ranging from February to August 2026, so a project on another version may behave differently. The key design decision remains: select the router API for generating pages, then separately choose when data and routes are refreshed.
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