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sep sets what goes between the objects passed to print(); end sets what is written after the last object. By default, sep is a space and end is a newline.
What do sep and end do?
Python’s print() function converts each object to text, joins the objects with sep, then writes end after them. Its signature is print(*objects, sep=' ', end='n', file=None, flush=False). The parameters are keyword-only, so write them as sep=... and end=....
print("red", "green", "blue")
# red green blueIn that call, the default separator is a single space, and the default ending is a newline. The official Python 3.13.16 built-in functions reference describes the conversion and joining behavior.
How do you change the separator between objects?
Pass a string to sep to replace the default space between separate objects:
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print("red", "green", "blue", sep=", ")
# red, green, blue
print("red", "green", "blue", sep="-")
# red-green-bluesep works only at the boundaries between positional objects. It does not modify the contents of a single string:
print("red green", sep="-")
# red green
print("red", "green", sep="-")
# red-greenThe first call has one object, so there is no boundary at which to insert a separator.
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How do you change what follows the output?
Use end to replace the newline normally written after a call. For example, an empty string keeps the next output on the same line:
print("Loading", end="")
print(" done")
# Loading doneYou can use another string as well:
print("Loading", end="...")
print(" done")
# Loading... doneend changes only what comes after the printed objects; it does not remove them. A later call continues from the position left by the earlier output.
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What happens with None or an empty call?
Both sep and end accept strings or None. Passing None selects that parameter’s default: a space for sep or a newline for end. Other values must be strings.
print("red", "green", sep=None)
# red green
print("Still here", end=None)
# Still hereIf you call print() with no objects, it writes end alone. With the default ending, that means a newline.
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Where does print() write?
By default, output goes to sys.stdout. You can provide a file-like object with a write(string) method using the file argument. print() writes text, so it is not intended for a binary-mode file object. The optional flush=True argument forces the stream to flush; otherwise, buffering is generally determined by the stream.
When should you use something other than sep and end?
These arguments control boundaries around the objects passed to print(); they are not a full text-formatting system. Use an f-string or another formatting method when you need to build a more complex string before printing it. For examples of Python’s string handling and formatting, see the official informal introduction and input and output tutorial.
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