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To use Selenium 2 in a Maven Java project, add org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java:2.53.1 inside the <dependencies> element of your pom.xml, then create a WebDriver test and run it through Maven. Version 2.53.1 is a historical release dated June 30, 2016, so use it only when you need Selenium 2 compatibility; for a new project, follow Selenium’s current Java installation guide and select a current release.
Add the Selenium 2 dependency to your POM
In your project’s pom.xml, put the dependency between the opening and closing <dependencies> tags. Maven Central lists org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java:2.53.1 as the Java client artifact.
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>2.53.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
If your POM already has a <dependencies> section, add only the inner <dependency> block rather than creating a second section. Maven resolves the artifact and its transitive dependencies when you build the project. The Java client includes browser-specific driver modules and Selenium support code.
Keep the version in one place
A Maven property makes the version easier to update and helps keep multiple Selenium dependencies aligned:
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<properties>
<selenium.version>2.53.1</selenium.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
The property is a Maven configuration convenience, not a Selenium requirement.
Choose between Selenium 2 and a current release
Selenium 2.53.1 was released on June 30, 2016. It can be appropriate when maintaining an application whose code or environment depends on Selenium 2 APIs. It is not the current-generation default for a new project. Selenium’s current Java installation guide shows the Maven dependency pattern for current releases.
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- Maintaining a legacy test suite: keep Selenium 2 if the existing code or environment requires it, and verify the Java runtime, browser, and driver combination your project uses.
- Starting a project: consult the current Selenium Java installation guide and choose a current release instead of copying the historical version number.
- Evaluating a migration: compare compatibility with your Java runtime and browser environment, whether your tests rely on legacy APIs, and whether tests use a local driver or remote server. The available sources do not establish a complete compatibility matrix, so verify those combinations for your specific environment.
Write and run a basic Selenium 2 test
After Maven resolves the dependency, add a Java class under your project’s test source tree, typically src/test/java. This minimal example opens a page, checks its title, and closes the browser:
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
public class ExampleTest {
@Test
public void opensPageAndChecksTitle() {
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
try {
driver.get("https://example.com");
assertTrue(driver.getTitle().contains("Example"));
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
This example uses JUnit, which is not included by the Selenium dependency. Add a JUnit dependency to the POM if your project does not already have a test framework. Selenium 2’s browser-driver setup is also environment-dependent: ensure the browser and compatible driver are installed and available as required by your setup. This example does not establish a universal driver/browser compatibility combination.
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Run the project tests from the directory containing pom.xml:
mvn test
Maven compiles the project, resolves declared dependencies, and runs tests configured for its test lifecycle. If you only want to check that the dependency resolves and the project compiles, run mvn test-compile.
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Local WebDriver or remote Selenium Server
The selenium-java dependency is the Java client used by test code. Ordinary local WebDriver execution is a separate choice from sending commands to a remote Selenium Server or Grid.
For a remote arrangement, Selenium Server is a separate artifact; Maven Central lists org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-server:2.53.1. If your project directly declares multiple Selenium components, keep their versions aligned. The artifact listing alone is not a complete legacy Grid deployment guide, so server configuration and node setup must be determined for your environment.
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Troubleshoot common setup failures
- Maven cannot find the artifact: check that the group ID, artifact ID, and version match the declaration above and that the dependency is inside
<dependencies>. Retry the Maven build after confirming repository access. - Imports such as
org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverdo not resolve: confirm the project is using the POM you edited, then reload or reimport the Maven project in your IDE and runmvn test-compile. - The test compiles but cannot start a browser: check that the chosen browser is installed and that its driver is available and compatible with that browser and your Selenium 2 setup.
- The test fails at the assertion: inspect the actual page title and confirm that the target URL loaded the page your test expects; a successful dependency installation does not guarantee the application page or assertion is correct.
- A remote session cannot connect: verify that the remote Selenium Server is running and reachable, and that the test is configured for remote execution. Adding the server artifact alone does not configure a Grid.
Or skip the browser setup
If your goal is to capture a website screenshot rather than run browser tests, ScreenshotNeo offers a one-request screenshot API. It is not a replacement for Selenium test automation. Its API accepts a URL and can return a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF.
cURL example, using the published API pattern with the target URL:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com -o shot.webp
See the ScreenshotNeo documentation for API details. Cookie and consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets can be removed before capture; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are not billed. An MCP server provides screenshot tools for AI agents. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month without a card, and paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots. Sign up for the free plan.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Maven coordinate for Selenium 2.53.1?
org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java:2.53.1.
Does selenium-java include JUnit?
No. Add a test framework such as JUnit separately if your project needs one.
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