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Use Python’s built-in unittest module—often called PyUnit—with Selenium by putting browser tests in a unittest.TestCase class, opening the WebDriver in setUp, and registering driver.quit as cleanup. You do not install a separate “PyUnit” package. The example below runs locally and can be extended with unittest discovery or a test suite.
What PyUnit means in a Selenium project
Python’s standard library names its testing framework unittest. “PyUnit” is a familiar label for that framework, not a separate package or a Selenium add-on. The framework provides test cases, fixtures, suites, runners, and assertions; Selenium supplies the browser automation.
The example uses Selenium’s Python bindings. The Selenium 4.49.0 documentation accessed October 3, 2026 lists Python 3.10+ support and supported browser targets including Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari, WebKitGTK, and WPEWebKit. Check the current Selenium WebDriver documentation for support and installation details that may change.
Install Selenium and prepare a local browser
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Create and activate a virtual environment for the project, then install the Selenium package:
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python -m venv .venv # macOS or Linux source .venv/bin/activate # Windows PowerShell .venvScriptsActivate.ps1 python -m pip install selenium -
Install a browser supported by your environment, such as Chrome, if one is not already available.
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In modern Selenium, Selenium Manager handles driver setup for most supported browser and platform combinations when the driver is instantiated. A separate manual driver download and PATH configuration is not a universal prerequisite. Manual browser or driver setup remains an option if your environment requires it.
A local test does not need a Selenium server. Remote WebDriver or Grid is a later option when you need browser sessions on another machine or centrally managed infrastructure.
Create a Selenium unittest case with reliable cleanup
Save the following as test_selenium.py. It opens Chrome for the test, navigates to Selenium’s public site, checks a title condition, and registers cleanup immediately after the driver is created.
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from selenium import webdriver
class SeleniumTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.addCleanup(self.driver.quit)
def test_page_title(self):
self.driver.get("https://selenium.dev")
self.assertIn("Selenium", self.driver.title)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()Why use setUp and addCleanup?
setUp runs before each test method, so each test gets a fresh browser session. Calling addCleanup(self.driver.quit) right after driver creation ensures the session is quit after the test, including when an assertion fails. quit() ends the WebDriver session; close() closes only the current window and may leave a session running when more than one window exists.
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Write test methods and assertions
Each method the runner should execute starts with test. Assertions communicate expected behavior to the test runner: use methods such as assertEqual, assertTrue, assertFalse, and assertRaises rather than printing a result or raising an unrelated error. The sample’s assertIn checks that the title contains the expected word, without requiring an exact full-title match.
Run one test, a class, or the project suite
Run a test file
From the project directory, run:
python -m unittest test_selenium.pyThe module form works too:
python -m unittest test_seleniumTo run a specific class or method, use a dotted name:
python -m unittest test_selenium.SeleniumTestCase
python -m unittest test_selenium.SeleniumTestCase.test_page_titleDiscover tests as the project grows
Organize related tests in files such as test_search.py and test_checkout.py. By default, unittest discovery looks for test files matching test*.py. From a project directory, run discovery with:
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Use pytest with an existing unittest suite
You can run many existing unittest tests with pytest without rewriting their TestCase classes. With pytest installed, invoke it on the test file or project:
python -m pip install pytest
python -m pytestBy default, pytest collects files named test_*.py or *_test.py and test methods beginning with test in unittest classes. It offers selection options, output capture, tracebacks, and plugins. Compatibility is not complete: if your suite relies on unittest’s load_tests protocol or other specialized behavior, consult the pytest unittest compatibility documentation before switching runners. unittest is built into Python; pytest is an additional dependency. Neither runner changes how Selenium controls the browser.
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Keep the first test local. Consider Remote WebDriver or Selenium Grid when browser sessions must run on separate machines, when a team needs centrally managed browsers, or when execution should be separated from the test runner. Remote setup requires a reachable Selenium endpoint and compatible browser capacity; the local webdriver.Chrome() constructor must then be replaced with the project’s remote-driver configuration. Remote execution is not required for unittest, Selenium installation, or a basic browser test.
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Troubleshoot common failures
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ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'selenium': Selenium is missing from the Python environment running the test. Activate the project’s virtual environment and install withpython -m pip install seleniumusing that same interpreter.Rank #4
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Browser or driver cannot be started: Confirm a supported browser is installed and that the environment can allow Selenium Manager to resolve the driver. If automatic setup is unsuitable for your network or machine policy, configure browser and driver installation manually according to Selenium’s documentation.
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The test fails before reaching the assertion: Look at the WebDriver startup or navigation exception in the runner output. Verify the target is reachable from the test machine and that the browser can launch in the current environment.
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The browser remains open after a failure: Register
self.addCleanup(self.driver.quit)immediately after successful driver creation. Avoid relying on code placed after assertions, since a failed assertion stops normal execution of the test body. -
No tests are found: Check the filename pattern, class inheritance, and method prefix. A discoverable test file generally starts with
test, the class subclassesunittest.TestCase, and runnable methods start withtest. -
A test passes alone but fails in a suite: Remove ordering assumptions and shared mutable browser state. Each test should establish the page and state it needs, then clean up its own browser session.
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Or skip the browser setup
If your goal is a clean screenshot or PDF rather than a WebDriver test, ScreenshotNeo can return the capture from one GET request. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for the available parameters.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://selenium.dev -o shot.webp- Cookie banners are accepted and more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets are removed before the shot; each step can be turned off.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can unittest run Selenium tests in parallel by itself?
The unittest command described here runs the selected tests without adding a parallel-execution tool. If parallel browser sessions are needed, choose and configure an execution approach that supports them, and ensure each session has isolated resources.
Should I use unittest or pytest for a new Selenium project?
Use unittest if you want a runner included with Python and a class-and-fixture style. Consider pytest if its selection, reporting, or plugin capabilities better fit your project; it can also collect many existing unittest tests.
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