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Use a block loop to repeat Robot Framework keywords: start with FOR, choose an iterator such as IN or IN RANGE, put the repeated steps inside, and close the loop with END. The examples below use the syntax documented in Robot Framework User Guide 7.4.2.
Write a basic FOR loop
A basic loop assigns one value per iteration. The loop markers FOR and IN are case-sensitive, and END must appear on its own row. Indentation is recommended to make the repeated block easy to see.
*** Test Cases ***
Process Items
FOR ${item} IN apple banana cherry
Log Processing ${item}
ENDTo loop over a list variable, expand it in the loop header with @{}:
*** Test Cases ***
Process Items From List
FOR ${item} IN @{items}
Process Item ${item}
ENDThe same loop form works in test cases and user keywords. For complex loop logic, Robot Framework’s guide recommends moving that logic into user keywords; test libraries can also implement other kinds of loops.
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Choose a loop form for your data
Use the loop variant that matches the values you have. Dedicated forms can avoid maintaining an index yourself.
| Input or need | Loop header | Behavior |
|---|---|---|
| Ordinary values or a list | FOR ${item} IN @{items} |
Assigns the next value to ${item} on each iteration. |
| Generated numeric indices | FOR ${index} IN RANGE 10 |
Iterates from 0 through 9. The end value is excluded. |
| An item and its position | FOR ${index} ${item} IN ENUMERATE @{items} |
Assigns an index and corresponding item; the index starts at 0 by default. |
| Related lists processed together | FOR ${number} ${name} IN ZIP ${numbers} ${names} |
Assigns corresponding values from the lists during each iteration. |
| Dictionary entries | FOR ${key} ${value} IN &{dict} |
Assigns dictionary keys and values to separate variables. |
Generate a numeric range
IN RANGE is useful when the loop needs generated numbers rather than items from a collection. A single limit starts at zero and excludes that limit: IN RANGE 10 yields 0 through 9. You can also provide start, end, and step values; the end remains excluded, and a negative step decrements. Float parameters are permitted.
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*** Test Cases ***
Check Each Position
FOR ${index} IN RANGE 1 6 2
Log Checking position ${index}
ENDKeep an index with each item
IN ENUMERATE provides both the position and the item. A custom starting index using start=<index> is documented from Robot Framework 4.0.
*** Test Cases ***
Label Items
FOR ${index} ${item} IN ENUMERATE @{items} start=1
Log ${index}: ${item}
ENDIterate through related lists
Use IN ZIP when values at corresponding positions belong together. Put one loop variable before IN ZIP for each list you want to process.
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*** Test Cases ***
Log Products
FOR ${number} ${name} IN ZIP ${numbers} ${names}
Log ${number}: ${name}
ENDAssign several values per iteration
You can put multiple loop variables between FOR and IN. The supplied values must divide evenly among those variables. Dictionary iteration is one example: IN &{dict} assigns each key and value to separate variables.
Nest loops and control when they continue
Nested FOR loops are supported from Robot Framework 4.0. They are useful for simple combinations such as traversing rows and cells. For more involved bodies or several levels of nesting, keep the test readable by moving logic into user keywords.
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BREAK exits the loop early. CONTINUE stops the current iteration and proceeds to the next one. Either can be used in FOR and WHILE loop bodies, commonly inside conditional IF/ELSE or TRY/EXCEPT structures.
*** Test Cases ***
Find First Match
FOR ${item} IN @{items}
IF $item == 'target'
Log Found target
BREAK
END
Log Checked ${item}
ENDBREAK and CONTINUE must be in the loop body, possibly inside those control structures. They cannot be placed inside a keyword that the loop body calls.
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Use current syntax, not the removed legacy form
Current examples should use the block form FOR ... END. The older :FOR syntax used backslashes to mark loop-body rows; it was deprecated in Robot Framework 3.2 and removed in Robot Framework 4.0. Nested loops and the custom start=<index> option for IN ENUMERATE are also documented from version 4.0.
Repeat one keyword without writing a full loop
If the only goal is to run one keyword a specified number of times, BuiltIn’s Repeat Keyword may be simpler than a loop. It accepts a repetition count followed by the keyword and its arguments, and readable count suffixes such as times or x are supported. Robot Framework’s guide notes: “With Robot Framework, test libraries can have any kind of loop constructs, and most of the time loops should be implemented in them.”
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