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To turn off all axis decorations in Matplotlib, use ax.set_axis_off() (or plt.axis('off')). If you want to hide only the axis-title text or the tick numbers and category names, use a narrower setting instead: those are separate parts of an axis.

Choose what “axis labels” means

Matplotlib uses axis-related terms for several different visual elements. The text set with set_xlabel() and set_ylabel() is the axis title; the numbers or categories beside the plot are tick labels. Tick marks, axis spines, and grid lines are separate decorations.

  • Remove the x- or y-axis title: clear its text.
  • Hide tick numbers or categories: turn off tick-label visibility for the side you want.
  • Remove the full axis appearance: turn off all axis decorations.
  • Remove tick positions and marks too: set the selected axis’s tick list to empty.

Hide all axis decorations

For an Axes object, call ax.set_axis_off():

ax.set_axis_off()

This suppresses axis-title labels, spines, tick marks, tick labels, and grid lines. Matplotlib’s API documentation explains that individual visibility settings are ignored while this switch is active: Axes.set_axis_off().

With pyplot, use the equivalent plt.axis('off'):

plt.axis('off')

This also hides all axis decorations; it is not a labels-only option. See the pyplot.axis API.

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Hide only the x- and y-axis title text

Clear the title text while leaving other axis components available:

ax.set_xlabel('')
ax.set_ylabel('')

Use only the line for the axis title you want to remove. Tick labels, ticks, spines, and grid lines are controlled separately.

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Hide tick labels but keep other axis components

Use tick_params() to hide tick-label text on a specific axis side. For the usual bottom x-axis and left y-axis:

ax.tick_params(axis='x', labelbottom=False)
ax.tick_params(axis='y', labelleft=False)

Include only the setting you need. If your tick labels are displayed at the top or right, use the corresponding side flag, such as labeltop=False or labelright=False. Tick marks and other decorations can remain visible.

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tick_params() is the higher-level way to configure ticks. Matplotlib notes that tick objects can be created or changed dynamically, so changing properties on existing tick objects may not carry through later figure changes. The Artist tutorial describes the related axis components, and the pyplot.xticks API cautions that direct settings affect only current ticks.

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Remove tick positions and marks too

If you want to remove ticks themselves, use empty tick lists:

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plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])

Each command removes tick locations on its selected axis, so their marks and labels disappear as well. This does more than hide tick-label text; use tick_params() instead when ticks should remain.

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Quick choice

Goal Use What remains
Hide every axis decoration ax.set_axis_off() or plt.axis('off') No axis titles, spines, ticks, tick labels, or grid lines are drawn.
Hide only axis-title text ax.set_xlabel('') and/or ax.set_ylabel('') Other axis components remain independently configurable.
Hide tick-label text on a side ax.tick_params(..., labelbottom=False) or labelleft=False Tick positions and marks can remain.
Remove ticks on an axis plt.xticks([]) or plt.yticks([]) Tick positions, marks, and labels are removed for that axis.

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