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Use Selenium WebDriver to open each authorized page, set a known browser size and state, and save the visible browser window as a PNG. A screenshot documents what appeared in that browser session; it does not establish that a website is accessible or conforms to WCAG. Keep the images as supporting evidence and record your accessibility findings separately.

What Selenium screenshots can show—and what they cannot

Selenium WebDriver can save the current browser window as a PNG with save_screenshot(). It can also capture an individual page element. The WebDriver screenshot endpoint returns image data encoded in Base64, as described in the Selenium documentation.

A screenshot can help explain a visual finding, such as text that is difficult to read or a form error that is not apparent until submission. It cannot show whether keyboard navigation works, what a screen reader announces, whether HTML semantics are correct, or every other behavior relevant to accessibility. Evaluate the site against applicable criteria and document findings independently of the image.

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WCAG is the technical standard containing normative requirements; W3C supporting material offers informative guidance. Use the W3C WCAG resources to identify the relevant version and criteria for your audit. Do not treat a collection of screenshots as proof of WCAG conformance.

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Plan repeatable captures before running Selenium

  1. Confirm authorization and scope. List the URLs and interactions you intend to inspect, and confirm that you are permitted to access and document them. Requirements for permission, privacy, and image retention depend on the particular site and audit; the Selenium and accessibility references do not determine them.
  2. Choose pages and states, not just a screenshot count. Include the pages and user tasks relevant to your audit. For interactive pages, decide which states matter—for example, a menu open, a validation error displayed, or a dialog visible.
  3. Fix the browser conditions. Record the browser and Selenium versions, viewport dimensions, URL, capture date and time, and relevant page state. The image depends on the browser context and what has loaded, so these details make evidence easier to interpret and reproduce.
  4. Set a capture convention. Use filenames that identify the page, viewport or device class, and state. Keep a log mapping each file to its URL and test state.

Capture a page with Python and Selenium

Install Selenium and ensure a compatible browser is available. Selenium Manager can generally assist with driver management in current Selenium releases; consult the Selenium Manager documentation if browser startup fails or your environment requires a managed driver.

This script creates an output directory, opens a page, sets a desktop window size, captures the current window, and always quits the browser:

from pathlib import Path
from selenium import webdriver

out = Path("screenshots")
out.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    driver.set_window_size(1365, 900)
    driver.get("https://example.org/")
    driver.save_screenshot(str(out / "home-desktop.png"))
finally:
    driver.quit()

Replace https://example.org/ with an authorized target URL. The browser window dimensions are set to 1365 by 900 CSS pixels; this is a chosen capture condition, not a claim that it represents every visitor’s display. Selenium’s method saves the current window, not necessarily the entire page. For long pages, use the browser and Selenium capabilities appropriate to your setup, or capture specific elements rather than assuming a window screenshot includes content below the viewport.

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Wait for the relevant content or state

Do not capture immediately after navigation if the page needs time to render or an interaction must be completed. Prefer waiting for a meaningful condition, such as a key element becoming visible, rather than relying on an arbitrary delay. For example:

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

# After driver.get(url):
WebDriverWait(driver, 15).until(
    EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "main"))
)
driver.save_screenshot("screenshots/home-main-visible.png")

Change the selector to match the page and the condition you need to document. A visible main element does not guarantee that every image, font, or third-party widget has finished loading; choose a condition suited to the evidence you need and note it in the capture log.

Capture one element

When the finding concerns a specific control or region, Selenium’s element screenshot method can save that element rather than the whole current window:

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from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

element = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "form#donate")
element.screenshot("screenshots/donate-form.png")

Use a selector that uniquely identifies the intended element. The element must exist in the current page, and an element screenshot can omit surrounding context that may matter to a reviewer; retain a full-window image as well when context is important.

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Build an audit evidence set that can be understood

Use filenames and a capture log

Names such as home-desktop-menu-closed.png and donate-mobile-validation-error.png connect an image to a page and state. The log should include, at minimum:

  • Filename and target URL.
  • Capture date and time.
  • Browser and Selenium versions.
  • Viewport dimensions.
  • Page state or actions taken before capture.
  • The finding or audit note the image supports, if applicable.

Separate visual evidence from the conformance assessment

For each finding, identify the relevant WCAG success criterion and describe the observed behavior or content, not merely what the image looks like. Test interactions and assistive-technology-relevant behavior with suitable methods. A screenshot may make a visual condition easier to discuss, but it cannot establish keyboard operability, screen-reader output, semantic markup, or overall conformance.

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Check whether GIGW applies to the NGO

GIGW 3.0 is guidance for Indian government websites and apps across central, state, district, and local government levels. Its scope materials say it draws on WCAG 2.1, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, and the Information Technology Act, 2000. See the official GIGW 3.0 site for its scope and current materials.

Do not assume that GIGW governs an independent NGO simply because the site is hosted in India or serves Indian visitors. Check whether the organization or service falls within a government scope or other applicable obligation before describing GIGW as its required standard.

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GIGW adopts accessibility criteria from WCAG and describes evaluation and STQC website quality certification in a government website context. That does not establish that a particular NGO is eligible for STQC certification. Confirm current eligibility and requirements with the relevant official program before making that claim; see the GIGW materials.

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Or skip the browser setup

If you need an image capture without configuring Selenium, ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server. One GET request can return a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. For example, this cURL request captures the specified page as WebP:

curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.org -o shot.webp

See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for parameters and setup. Cookie banners are accepted before capture and more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets can be removed; each step can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing, and response headers identify the page verdict and whether the request was billed. An MCP server lets AI agents use take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf. The free plan includes 1,000 shots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots. A remote screenshot is still evidence of a particular capture context, not an accessibility audit or conformance result. Sign up for 1,000 free screenshots a month, with no card required.

Troubleshoot common capture problems

Chrome will not start

Check that Chrome or another supported browser is installed and that Selenium can obtain a compatible driver. In managed or offline environments, follow the Selenium Manager guidance or configure the appropriate driver explicitly. Also check operating-system permissions and any container settings required to launch a browser.

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The screenshot is blank or missing content

Verify that navigation reached the intended URL and that the page state was ready before capture. Wait for a relevant element, check whether the page requires authentication or an interaction, and inspect the browser’s current URL and errors. Record any content that depends on external services or network conditions.

The image shows only part of a long page

save_screenshot() captures the current browser window. Confirm the viewport and scroll position, and choose an appropriate full-page capture method for your browser setup if the audit requires content beyond the visible window. Do not label a viewport image as a full-page capture.

The element screenshot fails

Confirm that the selector matches an element on the current page and that navigation or rendering has completed. If the element is not present or is outside the intended state, correct the selector or first reproduce the page state, then capture again.

Repeated captures look different

Compare browser version, viewport, timestamp, page state, and wait condition. Dynamic content, rotating banners, live data, and third-party resources can change between sessions. Record relevant variation rather than treating every visual difference as an accessibility defect.

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