The Tool Desk
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const image = await page.screenshot({
path: 'region.png',
clip: { x: 120, y: 80, width: 640, height: 360 },
});This captures a 640×360 CSS-pixel rectangle beginning 120 pixels from the left and 80 pixels from the top of the viewport. The sections below show how to make the geometry repeatable, derive coordinates from elements, choose image scale, and diagnose common failures.
What the clip rectangle means
The clip option is an object with four required dimensions:
x: horizontal position of the top-left corner, measured from the viewport’s left edge.y: vertical position of the top-left corner, measured from the viewport’s top edge.width: rectangle width.height: rectangle height.
These values describe CSS-pixel geometry. They are not automatically the number of pixels in the saved bitmap: device-scale screenshots can contain more raster pixels than the CSS dimensions.
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Minimal runnable example
import { chromium } from 'playwright';
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const context = await browser.newContext({
viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
});
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
await page.screenshot({
path: 'region.png',
clip: { x: 120, y: 80, width: 640, height: 360 },
scale: 'css',
});
await browser.close();Save this as an ES module (for example, capture.mjs) and run it with a project that has Playwright installed. The explicit viewport and scale: 'css' make the output easier to compare across runs.
Set the viewport before navigation
Playwright documents a default browser-context viewport of 1280×720. Relying on defaults can hide layout changes in CI or between projects, so choose dimensions deliberately.
const context = await browser.newContext({
viewport: { width: 1440, height: 900 },
});
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');Set the viewport before loading the page whenever possible. Responsive breakpoints, font wrapping, sticky headers and lazy content all depend on viewport dimensions. Changing viewport-related settings after navigation can alter layout and invalidate previously measured coordinates. Disabling consistent viewport emulation makes screenshot geometry non-deterministic.
Choose the right capture method
Capture an arbitrary rectangle
Use page.screenshot({ clip }) when the rectangle is defined by coordinates rather than by a DOM element.
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await page.screenshot({
path: 'header-region.png',
clip: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 1280, height: 180 },
});The clip is taken from the page’s current viewport. If the page has scrolled, the same y value refers to the new viewport position, not the document’s original top.
Capture the complete scrollable page
Set fullPage: true when you need the document’s full scrollable height rather than a fixed viewport rectangle.
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await page.screenshot({
path: 'full-page.png',
fullPage: true,
});Do not combine a full-page requirement with a manually chosen clip unless you intentionally want a clipped portion of the page. Full-page capture is affected by content that appears only after scrolling, so wait for the relevant content before capturing.
Capture one identified element
For a known UI element, a locator screenshot is usually safer than converting a bounding box into a manual clip.
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path: 'navigation.png',
});A locator screenshot waits for actionability and scrolls the target into view before capturing its bounds. Covered content may still be hidden by another layer, and a scrollable element shows only the portion currently visible inside it.
Return bytes instead of writing a file
Omit path to receive a buffer for upload, image processing or an assertion.
const imageBuffer = await page.screenshot({
clip: { x: 40, y: 120, width: 800, height: 450 },
type: 'png',
});
// imageBuffer is a Buffer in Node.jsDerive coordinates from a locator
When a region follows an element’s position, ask Playwright for its bounding box immediately before capture.
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const card = page.locator('.product-card').first();
await card.waitFor({ state: 'visible' });
const box = await card.boundingBox();
if (!box) throw new Error('The card has no visible bounding box');
await page.screenshot({
path: 'card.png',
clip: {
x: box.x,
y: box.y,
width: box.width,
height: box.height,
},
scale: 'css',
});Bounding boxes are relative to the viewport and are expressed in CSS pixels. Scrolling, sticky elements, animations and responsive reflow can change them, so measure and capture in the same stable state. If the target is simply an element, prefer locator.screenshot(); it handles scrolling and actionability for you.
Add padding around an element
Expand the measured rectangle, then clamp it to the viewport to avoid negative coordinates or an area extending beyond the visible page.
const padding = 16;
const viewport = page.viewportSize();
if (!box || !viewport) throw new Error('Missing geometry');
const x = Math.max(0, box.x - padding);
const y = Math.max(0, box.y - padding);
const right = Math.min(viewport.width, box.x + box.width + padding);
const bottom = Math.min(viewport.height, box.y + box.height + padding);
await page.screenshot({
path: 'card-with-padding.png',
clip: { x, y, width: right - x, height: bottom - y },
});This example intentionally captures what is visible in the viewport. For an element below the fold, scroll it into view first or use its locator screenshot.
CSS pixels, device pixels and scale
Playwright’s screenshot scale controls the relationship between CSS geometry and output raster resolution:
scale: 'css'produces one output pixel per CSS pixel. A 640×360 clip therefore produces a 640×360 image (subject to format metadata).scale: 'device'preserves device-pixel resolution. On a high-DPI context, the bitmap can be larger than the CSS dimensions.
Use css for deterministic image dimensions, visual-diff baselines and downstream systems that expect CSS-sized assets. Use device when retaining high-DPI detail matters. The default is device.
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Make the captured state deterministic
Wait for the content you actually need
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
await page.locator('.hero').waitFor({ state: 'visible' });
await page.waitForTimeout(300); // only when a known animation needs settling
A selector wait is generally more meaningful than an arbitrary delay. If images are lazy-loaded, scroll the relevant area into view and wait for the image’s completion state before measuring.
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Freeze movement before measuring
Animations and transitions can move an element between boundingBox() and screenshot(). Disable them with a test-only stylesheet or wait until the animation finishes. Also account for cookie dialogs, chat launchers and sticky headers: they can cover the intended rectangle even when its coordinates are correct.
Scroll deliberately
await page.locator('#report').scrollIntoViewIfNeeded();
const reportBox = await page.locator('#report').boundingBox();After scrolling, re-read the bounding box. Do not reuse coordinates measured before the scroll.
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“Clip is outside the viewport” or an invalid rectangle
Check that x, y, width and height are finite, non-negative numbers and that the intended region exists at capture time. Clamp an expanded rectangle to the viewport, as shown above. A negative width or height is a calculation error, not a Playwright feature.
The screenshot is the wrong part of the page
The coordinates are viewport-relative. Confirm the current scroll position, measure after scrolling, and ensure no responsive breakpoint changed the layout. Set the viewport before navigation.
The element is missing or partially visible
Wait for the locator, call scrollIntoViewIfNeeded(), and check whether an overlay covers it. For a scrollable container, locator capture includes only its currently visible content; scroll that container separately if you need another portion.
The file dimensions are larger than the clip
This is normally device scaling. Set scale: 'css' when one output pixel per CSS pixel is required.
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A full-page image omits late content
Wait for the application’s data and images before calling fullPage. Lazy-loaded content may not exist until its region has been scrolled or otherwise triggered.
Captures differ between local and CI
Use a fixed viewport, the same browser engine and browser version, stable test data, and a consistent scale. Remove or wait for animations and avoid measuring during layout changes. The documented API behavior does not by itself guarantee identical results across every browser engine or historical Playwright version.
Performance, format and repeatability choices
- Use a clip instead of
fullPagewhen only a small region is needed; less content generally means less image data and faster processing. - Choose PNG for lossless UI text and visual comparisons. JPEG or WebP can reduce file size when some compression is acceptable.
- Keep a single browser and context alive for batches of captures, while creating pages as needed; launching a browser for every image adds avoidable overhead.
- Capture after the final layout state, not immediately after navigation, to avoid retries caused by shifting geometry.
- Record viewport, scale, browser engine and target URL alongside generated images so a later difference is explainable.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo provides a website screenshot API when you do not need to maintain Playwright, browser binaries or viewport orchestration. It accepts a URL and can return PNG, JPEG, WebP or PDF; its options include full-page capture, CSS-selector element capture, custom viewport and device presets, retina scale, waits, custom CSS and JavaScript, hidden selectors, request blocking, headers, cookies, user agents, timezone and geolocation.
Before the capture, ScreenshotNeo accepts cookie or consent banners and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups and chat widgets; each cleanup step can be disabled. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads and cache hits are not billed, and response headers identify the page verdict and billing status. It also offers an MCP server with take_screenshot, get_page_info and capture_pdf for Claude, Cursor and other MCP clients.
One-call cURL example
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot"
-d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY
--data-urlencode url=https://example.com
-o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for all parameters, including clipping and output controls.
Python
import requests
r = requests.get(
"https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot",
params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://example.com"},
timeout=90,
)
r.raise_for_status()
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)Node.js
const q = new URLSearchParams({
access_key: 'YOUR_API_KEY',
url: 'https://example.com'
});
const res = await fetch(`https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot?${q}`);
if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
const fs = await import('node:fs/promises');
await fs.writeFile('shot.webp', Buffer.from(await res.arrayBuffer()));The Free plan includes 1,000 shots per month with no card. Paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots; every feature is available on every plan. Create a free ScreenshotNeo account to make the first captures.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use negative x or y values to capture outside the viewport?
Treat clip coordinates as a visible viewport rectangle and keep them non-negative; use scrolling or a different capture method to reach content outside the current viewport.
Should I use a locator screenshot or a manual clip for a component?
Use a locator screenshot when the component is identified in the DOM. Use a manual clip when the required area is an arbitrary coordinate-based rectangle or combines several regions.
Why does a high-DPI screenshot have more pixels than the CSS width?
The default device scale preserves device-pixel resolution. Set scale: 'css' for one output pixel per CSS pixel.
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