Use Puppeteer’s page.screenshot() method with fullPage: true. The flag tells Puppeteer to capture the rendered page beyond the current viewport; it defaults to false, so set it explicitly. The example below navigates to a URL, writes a PNG, and always closes the browser even if navigation or capture fails.
Minimal full-page screenshot
Install Puppeteer in a Node.js project, then create a script such as screenshot.mjs:
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await page.screenshot({
path: 'full-page.png',
fullPage: true
});
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Run it with node screenshot.mjs. Puppeteer saves full-page.png in the current directory. The documented meaning of fullPage: true is “takes a screenshot of the full page.”
The launch, navigation, capture, and close sequence follows Puppeteer’s Page API flow. See the ScreenshotOptions documentation for the current option definitions.
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Install and prepare Puppeteer
Create a project
- Install a supported Node.js release.
- Create a directory and initialize it:
mkdir page-capture && cd page-capture && npm init -y. - Install Puppeteer:
npm install puppeteer. The package downloads a compatible browser unless your project is configured to use an existing executable. - Save the script as
screenshot.mjs, or set"type": "module"inpackage.jsonif you prefer a.jsfile withimportsyntax.
Choose navigation behavior
page.goto() resolves according to its wait option. For pages that continue loading resources, specify a timeout and a less eager or more eager readiness condition deliberately:
await page.goto('https://example.com', {
waitUntil: 'networkidle2',
timeout: 60000
});This waits until there are no more than two network connections for the relevant idle window. It does not prove that a site’s animations, lazy images, or application data are visually settled; those require page-specific preparation.
Make dynamic pages capture-ready
Wait for a selector
If the meaningful content appears after an API request, wait for an element that identifies completion:
await page.goto('https://example.com/dashboard', { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
await page.waitForSelector('[data-report-ready]', { timeout: 30000 });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'dashboard.png', fullPage: true });Wait for a known delay
A short delay can accommodate a predictable animation or client-side render, but it is less reliable than waiting for a state marker:
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1500));Load lazy content
Full-page extent and content readiness are separate concerns. If images load only after scrolling, scroll through the document before capturing:
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await page.evaluate(async () => {
await new Promise(resolve => {
let y = 0;
const step = 600;
const timer = setInterval(() => {
window.scrollBy(0, step);
y += step;
if (y >= document.body.scrollHeight) {
clearInterval(timer);
window.scrollTo(0, 0);
resolve();
}
}, 100);
});
});
await page.screenshot({ path: 'long-page.png', fullPage: true });This is an implementation technique, not a guarantee: sites can use intersection observers, delayed requests, or virtualized lists that need application-specific triggers.
Hide overlays before capture
Dismiss a consent dialog with a click, or hide a nonessential element with CSS:
await page.addStyleTag({
content: '.cookie-banner, .chat-widget { display: none !important; }'
});Use selectors that belong to the site you control; hiding elements can alter the page layout and should not be used when the overlay itself is the subject of the capture.
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Screenshot options that matter
| Option | Use | Important behavior |
|---|---|---|
fullPage |
Capture the complete page rather than only the viewport. | Defaults to false; set true explicitly. |
path |
Write the image to disk. | The filename extension is used to infer the image type. |
type |
Select png, jpeg, or webp where supported. |
PNG is the documented default. |
quality |
Adjust lossy image compression. | Applies to formats other than PNG. |
clip |
Capture a rectangular region. | Use coordinates and dimensions when a full page is not wanted. |
captureBeyondViewport |
Control capture outside the viewport. | Its documented default depends on whether a clip is supplied. |
omitBackground |
Preserve transparency. | Defaults to false; useful with transparent page backgrounds. |
Without path, page.screenshot() returns image bytes as a Uint8Array. You can write those bytes yourself or send them to storage:
const bytes = await page.screenshot({ fullPage: true, type: 'webp', quality: 82 });
await import('node:fs/promises').then(fs => fs.writeFile('page.webp', bytes));Viewport, device scale, and stable output
Set the viewport before navigation when the screenshot must match a known layout:
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await page.setViewportSize?.({ width: 1440, height: 900 });For current Puppeteer versions, use the page viewport API available in your installed release; projects commonly set width, height, and device scale factor through the browser context or page configuration. Verify the exact method in the versioned API documentation because viewport APIs can differ between releases.
Disable motion when visual consistency matters:
await page.addStyleTag({ content: `*, *::before, *::after {
animation: none !important;
transition: none !important;
}` });Fonts, third-party scripts, geolocation, authentication, and time zones can all change rendering. Supply cookies or headers before navigation when the page requires a session, and use a test account rather than exposing production credentials in source code.
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Choose a screenshot when the deliverable is one raster image of the rendered page. Choose page.pdf() for a paginated document:
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
await page.emulateMediaType('screen');
await page.pdf({ path: 'page.pdf', format: 'A4', printBackground: true });Puppeteer generates PDFs using print media by default. Call page.emulateMediaType('screen') when the PDF should follow screen styles. PDF pagination, margins, paper size, and print CSS make it a different output from one long image.
Troubleshooting
The image contains only the visible viewport
Check that the option is exactly fullPage: true, not a string such as 'true'. Also ensure another screenshot call is not overwriting the intended file.
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Images or data are missing
Wait for a content selector, use an appropriate waitUntil condition, or trigger lazy loading by scrolling. A full-page flag does not wait for every site-specific asynchronous asset.
Navigation timeout exceeded
Raise the timeout for a slow page, investigate blocked third-party requests, or use domcontentloaded followed by explicit waits. Avoid setting an unlimited timeout in unattended jobs without an external job deadline.
Cookie banners, chat, or popups cover content
Click the site’s dismiss control, wait for it to disappear, or inject narrowly scoped CSS. Verify that the resulting layout is acceptable before storing the image.
The browser fails to launch in CI
Check that the Puppeteer browser was installed, that the runtime has required sandbox permissions, and that the executable path matches the installed browser. Capture launch stderr in CI logs and pin dependency versions for repeatable builds.
The file is unexpectedly large
Use JPEG or WebP with an appropriate quality, reduce the viewport width when that matches your requirement, or capture a specific element. Lossy formats can introduce artifacts around text and sharp UI edges.
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The page changes between runs
Use deterministic test data, fixed viewport and timezone settings, stable authentication, disabled animations, and explicit waits. Third-party ads and live widgets may still change unless blocked or mocked.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Running captures reliably at scale
- Always close the browser in a
finallyblock. - Use one browser with controlled page concurrency rather than launching a process for every URL.
- Set navigation and overall job deadlines; record URL, status, duration, and output size.
- Retry transient network failures with a limit and backoff, but do not blindly retry authentication or 4xx errors.
- Write to unique temporary names, then rename after a successful capture to avoid publishing partial files.
- Restrict untrusted URLs to prevent server-side request forgery, and isolate credentials from page content.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo provides a hosted screenshot API and MCP server. One GET request returns a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. It accepts cookie and consent banners like a visitor, removes more than 60 known consent platforms plus newsletter popups and chat widgets before capture, and lets you turn each cleanup step off. Bot checks, CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed; response headers identify the page verdict and whether it was billed.
cURL
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpPython
import requests
r = requests.get("https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot", params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://stripe.com"}, timeout=90)
r.raise_for_status()
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)Node.js
const q = new URLSearchParams({ access_key: 'YOUR_API_KEY', url: 'https://stripe.com' });
const res = await fetch(`https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot?${q}`);
if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
const data = new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer());
await import('node:fs/promises').then(fs => fs.writeFile('shot.webp', data));See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for options. Its 63 options include full-page capture with lazy images loaded, CSS-selector element capture, dark mode, device presets and custom viewports, retina scale, PDF paper and page ranges, custom CSS and JavaScript, clicks, waits, request blocking, headers, cookies, user agents, authorization, timezone, geolocation, transparency, resizing, TTL caching, signed links, asynchronous webhooks, bulk capture of up to 100 URLs per call, usage data, and an OpenAPI specification. An MCP server exposes take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf to Claude, Cursor, and other MCP clients.
The Free plan includes 1,000 shots per month with no card. Paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots; yearly billing provides two months free, and every feature is available on every plan. Create a free ScreenshotNeo account to start with the no-card allowance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does fullPage capture content inside an iframe?
It captures the page document’s full layout; an iframe is a separate document. Navigate to or capture the frame’s content separately when that embedded document is the target.
Can I return screenshot data instead of creating a file?
Yes. Omit path; Puppeteer returns screenshot bytes as a Uint8Array by default, which you can store or stream yourself.
Why use a PDF instead of a full-page PNG?
Use PDF when pagination, paper dimensions, selectable text, or print CSS matter. Use the screenshot API when you need one raster image of the rendered page.
Quick Recap
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