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In Selenium Python, use driver.save_screenshot("visible-page.png") to save a PNG of the current browser window. Set the window size before loading the page if you need a repeatable visible layout. This captures the current window, not a guaranteed image of the entire document.
Capture the visible browser window with Selenium Python
This complete example opens a page, sets the browser window dimensions, saves the current-window screenshot, checks whether the save succeeded, and closes the browser even if an error occurs:
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
driver.set_window_size(1280, 900)
driver.get("https://example.com")
saved = driver.save_screenshot("visible-page.png")
if not saved:
raise OSError("Screenshot could not be saved")
finally:
driver.quit()Remove the leading spaces before driver and the following lines if your editor flags the indentation: the code should be indented as shown inside try and finally, with no extra space before the first driver line. The screenshot filename should end in .png. Use an absolute path, such as /tmp/visible-page.png, when you need to control exactly where it is written. Selenium’s Python WebDriver API documents set_window_size(width, height) and says save_screenshot(filename) returns True on success and False on an I/O error. Selenium Python WebDriver API
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Current browser window
driver.save_screenshot(...) captures the current window. It is the appropriate basic method when you want the view currently shown in the browser, but do not treat it as a full-page capture method.
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To save an individual DOM element instead of the visible browser window, locate it and call its screenshot method:
element = driver.find_element("css selector", "h1")
element.screenshot("heading.png")The element API saves the element itself to a PNG and returns a boolean success value. It also provides PNG bytes and Base64 output. If the element is outside the viewport, Selenium documents location_once_scrolled_into_view as a way to scroll it into view; on dynamic pages, verify that the element is still present and displayed before capturing it. Selenium Python WebElement API
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The ordinary driver method is documented as a current-window screenshot, so it does not establish that the whole page is captured. If you need the entire document, use a distinct full-page workflow and verify its behavior with your chosen browser, driver, and Selenium version.
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- Set the browser window dimensions before navigating or capturing. Page layout can change with the available window size.
- Use the same dimensions in the test environment as in the environment whose appearance you need to reproduce.
- Wait for the page’s relevant content to render before taking the screenshot; a page that is still changing may produce a different view.
- For a target element, confirm it is available and visible before calling its screenshot method. Dynamic content can change between locating an element and capturing it.
Selenium’s documentation describes window sizing and notes that screen resolution can affect rendering. Its window guidance also covers browser window handling. Selenium: Working with windows and tabs
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Other Python screenshot outputs
The Python WebDriver API also exposes screenshot data as PNG bytes and as Base64, in addition to saving directly to a file. Use the file method for a straightforward artifact; bytes or Base64 are useful when the next step in your program consumes image data rather than a saved path. Consult the API reference for the exact method names in your installed Selenium binding. Python WebDriver API
Or skip the browser setup
If you need a screenshot from a URL rather than an already-running Selenium session, ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server. Its one-call request returns an image or PDF. For example, this cURL request saves a WebP screenshot:
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Troubleshooting
The screenshot is missing or the save reports failure
Check that the destination directory exists and is writable, and use an explicit full path if the process’s working directory is unclear. Check the boolean result from save_screenshot; Selenium documents False for an I/O error.
The saved image shows the wrong layout
Set the window dimensions deliberately before capture. Different dimensions or screen resolutions can change responsive layouts, so match the dimensions used by the environment you want to test.
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The element image is blank or does not contain the target
Confirm the element was found and is displayed, and account for pages that update dynamically. If it is out of view, scroll it into view before capturing, then verify its state again.
The image omits content farther down the page
save_screenshot is documented for the current window. Use and validate a separate full-page method for the browser and driver combination in use.
Version and binding notes
The Selenium Python WebDriver reference surfaced as version 4.50.0 documentation, while the referenced WebElement page surfaced as 4.33.0. The Java TakesScreenshot interface cited below is version 4.28.0 and describes best-effort behavior for some non-W3C-conformant drivers and elements. These version-specific references are not a guarantee that every binding or browser/driver combination behaves identically. For Java or JavaScript, use that binding’s own documented screenshot method rather than copying Python syntax. Java TakesScreenshot interface, Selenium 4.28.0
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