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Use Selenium’s Java API from Kotlin: navigate to the page, cast the driver to TakesScreenshot, save the returned temporary file to your chosen path, then quit the driver. The example below writes ./image.png.
Take and save a screenshot with Kotlin
This example uses Selenium’s ChromeDriver. It copies the temporary screenshot file before the JVM exits, and closes the browser even if navigation or saving fails.
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import java.io.File
import java.nio.file.Files
import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption
fun main() {
val driver = ChromeDriver()
try {
driver.get("https://www.example.com")
val screenshot = (driver as TakesScreenshot)
.getScreenshotAs<File>(OutputType.FILE)
Files.copy(
screenshot.toPath(),
File("./image.png").toPath(),
StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING
)
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}
The Kotlin pattern follows Selenium’s official ChromeDriver example: navigate, capture through TakesScreenshot, copy the file, and quit the driver. Selenium’s Kotlin screenshot example uses a copyFile helper; the Files.copy call above performs that persistence step with the Java standard library.
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Your project needs Selenium’s Java libraries and a compatible Chrome browser and ChromeDriver setup. This snippet assumes ChromeDriver() can start the browser in your environment. The relative destination ./image.png is resolved from the process’s working directory; change it to an absolute path if you need a predictable location.
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Choose file, bytes, or base64 output
OutputType.FILE gives you a temporary file. Selenium documents that it is deleted when the JVM exits, so copy it while the program is running. Use bytes for in-memory processing or base64 when the encoded representation suits your storage or transport needs. Selenium’s OutputType API reference documents these forms.
| Output type | Kotlin type | Best suited to |
|---|---|---|
OutputType.FILE |
File |
Saving a screenshot to disk; copy the temporary file before JVM exit. |
OutputType.BYTES |
ByteArray |
Processing or storing the image directly in memory. |
OutputType.BASE64 |
String |
Passing around the image as base64-encoded text. |
val file: File = (driver as TakesScreenshot)
.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE)
val bytes: ByteArray = (driver as TakesScreenshot)
.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES)
val base64: String = (driver as TakesScreenshot)
.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BASE64)
Use the form you actually need; requesting a file and then reading it into memory adds an unnecessary conversion if bytes are your real goal.
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Capture the viewport, an element, or a full page
A driver screenshot captures the driver’s current browsing context. Selenium’s TakesScreenshot interface also supports capturing a WebElement, which is useful when the target is one element rather than the page view. The exact behavior depends on the driver implementation; the API describes W3C-conformant behavior and browser-dependent best effort for non-conformant implementations. Do not assume a regular driver screenshot always includes the entire scrollable document. The TakesScreenshot API reference explains the implementation behavior.
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Locate the target element, then use its screenshot capability when supported by the driver:
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val element = driver.findElement(org.openqa.selenium.By.cssSelector("main"))
val elementScreenshot = element.getScreenshotAs<File>(OutputType.FILE)
Files.copy(
elementScreenshot.toPath(),
File("./element.png").toPath(),
StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING
)
Capture a full document
If you need the complete scrollable page, verify that the browser and driver you actually run provide a dedicated full-page method. Selenium’s Java API index lists FirefoxDriver.getFullPageScreenshotAs(OutputType) and HasFullPageScreenshot as a distinct Firefox API path; that listing is not a compatibility guarantee for every browser or driver version. The OutputType usage index identifies that API.
Common problems and fixes
- The screenshot file disappears after the program ends:
OutputType.FILEis temporary. Copy it to your destination during the run. - The page is blank or missing content: make sure you called
driver.get(url)before capture. If content is loaded asynchronously, ensure the page has reached the state you need before taking the screenshot. - The result shows only part of the page: clarify whether you need the current browsing context, a particular element, or the entire document. Use a driver-supported full-page method for the last case; ordinary screenshot behavior is not universal.
- The browser does not start: check that Chrome and the driver setup are available and compatible in the environment where the code runs.
- The destination is missing or overwritten: confirm the process working directory and that the destination directory exists. This example deliberately replaces an existing file with the same name.
- The browser stays open after an error: keep
driver.quit()in afinallyblock so cleanup runs after capture or file-copy failures.
Or skip the browser setup
If you want a screenshot through an API instead of launching and managing a local browser, ScreenshotNeo accepts one GET request with a URL and returns an image or PDF. Its clean-shot flow accepts cookie and consent banners and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; each step can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and response headers report the page verdict and billing status. ScreenshotNeo also provides an MCP server with take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools for AI agents.
cURL example, adapted to the target URL https://www.example.com (see the ScreenshotNeo documentation):
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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://www.example.com -o shot.webp
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Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Frequently Asked Questions
Does the screenshot call work directly in Kotlin?
Yes. Kotlin can call Selenium’s Java API; cast the driver to TakesScreenshot and use getScreenshotAs.
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Can I capture a screenshot without saving it to a file?
Yes. Request OutputType.BYTES for a ByteArray or OutputType.BASE64 for a base64-encoded string.
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