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Use the site’s complete URL—including https:// or its correct scheme—with Playwright’s page.goto(), then capture it with page.screenshot(). A Unicode hostname in an Indian script is handled by standard URL processing; if navigation fails, diagnose the URL, network, certificate, or timeout separately from an HTTP error status such as 404.

Install Playwright and navigate to the Unicode URL

Install Playwright in your project and install its browser binaries using the commands for your chosen setup in the Playwright installation guide. Then pass the site’s actual, complete URL to page.goto(). The hostname below is illustrative only—replace it with the real address:

const { chromium } = require('playwright');

(async () => {
  const browser = await chromium.launch();
  const page = await browser.newPage();

  try {
    const response = await page.goto('https://उदाहरण.भारत', {
      waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded',
    });

    await page.screenshot({ path: 'page.png', fullPage: true });
    console.log('HTTP status:', response?.status());
  } finally {
    await browser.close();
  }
})();

The https:// scheme matters: pass a navigable URL, not just a hostname. domcontentloaded waits for the document’s DOM to be parsed; it does not guarantee that every image or other resource has finished loading. The official screenshot guide demonstrates the navigation-then-capture workflow, and the Page API documents navigation behavior and options.

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Choose what the screenshot should contain

Playwright’s screenshot API supports different capture scopes and output settings. Pick the smallest scope that meets the task:

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Visible viewport await page.screenshot({ path: 'viewport.png' }); The current viewport; this is the default.
Whole scrollable page await page.screenshot({ path: 'full.png', fullPage: true }); The full page beyond the viewport.
One element await page.locator('main').screenshot({ path: 'main.png' }); The selected element rather than the whole page.

The API also documents output path and supported PNG, JPEG, and WebP formats, clip regions, quality options, and whether output uses CSS-pixel or device-pixel scale. For JPEG, use the documented quality option; it does not apply to PNG. See the screenshot documentation for exact option names and behavior.

How Unicode Indian-script hostnames are handled

A domain written in an Indian script is an internationalized domain name (IDN). Browser-compatible WHATWG URL processing converts Unicode characters in the hostname to an ASCII representation using Punycode. You normally can give Playwright the real Unicode URL directly; you do not need to Punycode-convert the entire URL yourself.

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Keep each URL component in its proper place: scheme, hostname, path, query, and fragment. Do not encode the complete URL as if every character were part of the hostname. If you need to inspect conversion, Node.js provides domainToASCII() and domainToUnicode(); domainToASCII() returns an empty string for an invalid domain. These functions apply to the hostname, not the whole URL. See the Node.js URL documentation.

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Check the spelling of the site’s actual domain carefully. Similar-looking IDN characters or a typo can resolve to a different host, even when the URL is syntactically valid.

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Separate navigation failures from HTTP error responses

page.goto() can throw when the URL is invalid, the server cannot be reached, a certificate or SSL error occurs, or navigation times out. Handle such exceptions as navigation failures. A returned response with HTTP status 404 or 500 is different: those statuses do not by themselves cause goto() to throw. Check response?.status() so a screenshot of an error page is not mistaken for a successful page load.

The example captures after navigation returns and logs the status. In production code, decide whether to save captures for error pages or reject them based on the status your workflow expects. A returned response can be absent for some navigation outcomes, so the optional chaining in response?.status() avoids assuming every navigation returns an HTTP response.

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Troubleshooting

  • “Invalid URL” or navigation fails immediately: include the correct scheme and verify the full URL’s spelling and structure. Inspect the hostname separately rather than encoding the entire URL.
  • Certificate or SSL error: confirm the site’s HTTPS certificate and address are valid for the requested hostname. This is separate from Unicode-to-Punycode URL handling.
  • Timeout or unreachable server: check that the host is reachable from the machine running Playwright and that the server responds within the navigation timeout. A valid-looking IDN does not guarantee the server is available.
  • The image shows a 404 or 500 page: inspect the returned response status. HTTP error responses may be returned normally rather than thrown as navigation exceptions.
  • Only part of the page appears: omit fullPage or leave it false for the viewport; set fullPage: true for the scrollable page, or capture a specific locator for one component.
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Or skip the browser setup

ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server for developers. One GET request can return an image or PDF, without installing or managing a browser in your project. Its capture flow removes cookie/consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before the shot; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are not billed. AI agents can use its MCP server, and 1,000 screenshots per month are free with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000.

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For a quick capture, adapt the target URL and provide your API key:

curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://उदाहरण.भारत -o shot.webp

See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options and response details. Learn more at ScreenshotNeo, or sign up for 1,000 free screenshots a month with no card.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Does a Unicode hostname need to be converted to Punycode before calling Playwright?

Usually not. Browser-standard URL processing handles Unicode hostnames; convert or inspect the hostname separately only when diagnosing a URL.

Does a 404 response mean Playwright navigation threw an error?

No. A 404 or 500 can be a returned HTTP response. Check its status separately from navigation exceptions.

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