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Use params= to add query-string values and json= to send a JSON request body. Requests can use both in the same call when the API expects query parameters and a JSON body.
Send query parameters and a JSON body in one request
This generic example shows the pattern. Replace the URL, HTTP method, query keys, and payload with the values and schema required by your API; it does not target a live endpoint.
import requests
url = "https://api.example.com/items"
query = {"status": "open", "page": 2}
payload = {"name": "Example", "enabled": True}
response = requests.post(
url,
params=query,
json=payload,
timeout=10,
)
response.raise_for_status()
data = response.json()Requests encodes params into the URL query string and serializes the JSON-compatible object supplied to json as the request body. The API documentation determines whether the endpoint accepts this method, these parameter names, and this body shape. See the Requests Quickstart and API Reference.
Add query parameters with params=
Pass query data as a dictionary instead of concatenating values into the URL yourself:
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params = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
response = requests.get(
"https://api.example.com/search",
params=params,
timeout=10,
)
print(response.url)Inspecting response.url can help confirm the URL Requests constructed. Requests also supports list values for repeated query keys, and omits parameters whose values are None:
params = {
"tag": ["python", "http"],
"optional_filter": None,
}
response = requests.get("https://api.example.com/search", params=params)In this example, the tag key is repeated for its two values; optional_filter is left out. These encoding behaviors are described in the Quickstart.
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Send a JSON body with json=
For a normal JSON request, pass a Python object that can be represented in JSON:
payload = {"name": "Example", "enabled": True}
response = requests.post(
"https://api.example.com/items",
json=payload,
timeout=10,
)Requests serializes the object and sets the JSON content type. The json argument is available in Requests versions from 2.4.2 onward, according to the Quickstart.
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How json= differs from data=
These arguments do different jobs. A dictionary passed as data= is form-encoded; it is not treated as a JSON object. If you serialize JSON yourself and pass the resulting string or bytes through data=, Requests does not automatically add Content-Type: application/json. Prefer json=payload unless you have a specific reason to build and send the body yourself.
Do not supply json= alongside data= or files= expecting Requests to use both body mechanisms: the json argument is ignored when either of those is passed. Choose the body argument that matches the API’s requirements.
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Check the HTTP response separately from JSON decoding
A response containing valid JSON is not necessarily a successful response. An API can return a JSON error body with an unsuccessful status, and response.json() can also fail if the body is empty or invalid JSON.
response = requests.post(
"https://api.example.com/items",
params={"dry_run": "true"},
json={"name": "Example"},
timeout=10,
)
response.raise_for_status()
result = response.json()raise_for_status() raises an exception for unsuccessful HTTP status codes. Handle that failure according to your application before decoding the response body. If you need a different error-handling policy, inspect response.status_code explicitly.
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Choose a timeout and check your Requests version
Set a timeout for real application calls so a request does not wait indefinitely for a response. The example uses timeout=10 seconds only as an illustration, not as a universal recommendation; choose a value that suits the API and your application’s latency requirements. The API Reference documents the timeout parameter.
The official documentation identifies Requests 2.34.2 and states that the project supports Python 3.10 and newer. These details are version-sensitive; check the installed package and the current Requests documentation if your environment behaves differently. The installation guide gives the command python -m pip install requests: Installation.
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