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Use Puppeteer’s page.createCDPSession() to open a page-scoped Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) session, then call client.send() with a domain-and-command name. Use client.on() to receive protocol events, and detach the session when you are done.
Send a CDP command with Puppeteer
This runnable Node.js example attaches to a page, enables the Animation domain, listens for an event, reads a value, changes it, and then detaches:
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
const client = await page.createCDPSession();
try {
await client.send('Animation.enable');
client.on('Animation.animationCreated', event => {
console.log('Animation created:', event);
});
const { playbackRate } = await client.send('Animation.getPlaybackRate');
console.log('Playback rate:', playbackRate);
await client.send('Animation.setPlaybackRate', {
playbackRate: playbackRate / 2,
});
} finally {
await client.detach();
}
} finally {
await browser.close();
}page.createCDPSession() returns a session attached to the page. send() takes a CDP method string and, when needed, a parameter object; its promise resolves to the protocol response. Here, the response from Animation.getPlaybackRate is destructured to read playbackRate. The event listener is registered on the session with the event name Animation.animationCreated.
CDP groups methods and events into domains such as Page, Network, Runtime, and Animation. Enable a domain when its command or documentation requires it before listening to that domain’s events. Replace the example method and parameters with those required by your task.
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Choose the right session target
Attach to a page
For commands that operate on a Puppeteer page, use await page.createCDPSession(). This is the direct page-level API.
Attach to another CDP target
Use target.createCDPSession() when you need to attach to a specific CDP target rather than use the page API. Targets can represent pages, frames, or workers, so choose the target that matches the context you need.
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Do not build new code around page.target() to obtain a session: Puppeteer marks Page.target() obsolete and directs users to Page.createCDPSession().
Find the command and its parameters
CDP method names use the form Domain.command, and event names use Domain.event. The command’s protocol definition determines whether it needs parameters and what its response contains. Check the protocol documentation and the protocol mapping available to the Puppeteer version and browser you actually run; not every method is available in every browser build or release.
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- Prefer a higher-level Puppeteer method if it already provides the operation you need; it is generally simpler to maintain.
- Use CDP when you need a lower-level Chrome capability that Puppeteer does not expose through its higher-level API.
- When a method is present in the installed Puppeteer protocol mapping, TypeScript can check its command and parameter types.
Manage session lifetime and failures
Keep the session attached while you are sending commands or relying on its event handlers. Detaching ends its ability to send messages and emit events, so do not reuse a detached session. Await each send() call so you can use its result and handle a rejected promise.
Puppeteer’s ConnectOptions documents a default protocolTimeout of 180,000 milliseconds for individual CDP calls in version 25.12.0. This setting is version-sensitive; check the documentation for your installed release before relying on that value or changing it.
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Check compatibility before relying on a command
Puppeteer pairs releases with browser releases to help preserve protocol compatibility. Its documentation says Puppeteer uses CDP by default when automating Chrome and also supports WebDriver BiDi. CDP commands can be Chrome-specific, and the tip-of-tree protocol reference changes frequently; its stable 1.3 protocol is a smaller subset tagged at Chrome 64. Match your Puppeteer and browser versions, and verify command support for the browser you run. If cross-browser automation matters, compare WebDriver BiDi support for the operation instead of assuming a CDP command will transfer.
Troubleshoot common problems
- “Session closed” or commands fail after cleanup: The session has been detached or its browser/page has closed. Create a new session on a live page or target, and keep it attached until the operation is complete.
- Unknown method or unsupported command: The browser build or protocol version may not expose that command. Check the installed browser’s protocol support and the Puppeteer version’s mapping; use a supported method or a higher-level Puppeteer API where available.
- Command rejects because of parameters: Compare the supplied parameter names and value types with the command definition for the browser version in use. Omit the parameter object if the command takes no parameters.
- An event never arrives: Confirm that the session is attached to the target that generates the event, register the listener before the triggering action, and enable the relevant protocol domain when required.
- A call times out: The command may be waiting on work or the configured protocol timeout. Check the installed Puppeteer release’s
protocolTimeoutsetting and handle rejected calls rather than assuming every command completes.
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