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To reduce the risk of email takeover, use a unique password and turn on the strongest multifactor authentication (MFA) your provider supports—ideally a passkey or physical security key. Never sign in through a surprise message link or share a verification code. If you think someone got into your inbox, recover it through your provider, secure the account, and check for changes that could let an attacker keep access.

Why email accounts are a high-value target

Your inbox may contain password-reset links and messages that help someone access other accounts. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) warns that an attacker with email access may use password resets to take over connected services. Treat an unexpected login alert or suspicious sign-in prompt as a reason to check your account directly—not as a reason to follow the link in the message.

The recommendations below draw on U.S. government guidance and general standards guidance. Email providers differ in their supported sign-in methods, account controls, and recovery procedures, so use your provider’s current instructions for account-specific steps.

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How do I stop someone from taking over my email?

Use a unique password

Set a strong password that you do not use for any other account. A password manager can generate and store distinct passwords, reducing the risk that a password exposed elsewhere will also unlock your email. CISA recommends password managers for creating and keeping strong, unique passwords in its guidance on protecting personal accounts.

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Turn on MFA—and prefer a passkey or security key

MFA adds a second check beyond your password. CISA calls phishing-resistant MFA the strongest form and identifies passkeys and physical security keys as examples in guidance on targeted accounts. A passkey uses a private key held on a device; a security key is a physical authenticator that confirms its association with an account using encryption. These methods are designed to resist credential theft through fake sign-in pages better than codes that a person can be tricked into entering.

No MFA method makes phishing impossible. If your provider does not support a passkey or security key, enable the strongest non-SMS option it offers, such as an authenticator app. FTC guidance says authenticator apps are safer than text messages against SIM swapping and email compromise. SMS codes can be exposed through SIM swaps or other attacks; any available MFA is generally preferable to relying on a password alone. Check the provider’s current setup and recovery instructions before choosing a method, especially if you plan to rely on a physical key.

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Method Phishing resistance Key trade-off
Passkey Phishing-resistant when supported and used through the provider’s sign-in flow Availability, device portability, and recovery depend on the provider and the passkey setup.
Physical security key Phishing-resistant when supported by the provider Confirm compatibility with your email provider and devices, and understand how to recover access if the key is lost.
Authenticator app Not phishing-resistant in the same way as passkeys or security keys; a code can still be tricked out of you FTC guidance describes it as safer than SMS against SIM swaps and email compromise; recovery depends on the service and app.
Text-message code Can be phished and is susceptible to SIM-swap risks Use it if it is the strongest MFA method your provider offers, but do not treat a code as safe to share with a caller or message sender.

The comparison describes general characteristics, not a guarantee for every provider or device. NIST defines phishing resistance in terms of a protocol preventing an impostor verifier from obtaining authentication secrets or valid outputs without relying on the user to recognize the deception. CISA’s October 2022 fact sheet calls phishing-resistant MFA the “gold standard” and recommends making migration to it a high priority for organizations.

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Keep your devices and email apps updated

Install operating-system and application updates, and keep native malware protections enabled. An attacker may target the device as well as the account, so a safer sign-in method is only one part of account protection.

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MOSA BEAR Password Keeper Book with Alphabetical Tabs,4.3"x5.7" Small Password Books for Seniors Password Notebook for Internet Website Address Log in Detail(Dark Blue)
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Review recovery details

Check which recovery email address and phone number are attached to your account. Remove details you no longer control and make sure the remaining options are current. Recovery routes can be as important as the password if you are locked out or an attacker tries to change account access.

How should I handle a targeted phishing message?

  • Do not sign in from an unexpected link. Open the provider’s known app or type its address yourself, then check the account there.
  • Verify unusual requests separately. If a message that appears to come from a person you know asks for an unusual payment, file, or account action, confirm through a different trusted channel.
  • Never give someone a verification code. A person who contacts you and asks for a one-time passcode may be trying to use it to sign in as you. Enter codes only in the sign-in flow you initiated.
  • Check the account, not the message’s urgency. For an unexpected security alert, navigate directly to the service and review recent activity rather than using the message’s sign-in button.

NIST’s definition helps explain why passkeys and security keys are useful against impostor sign-in pages: phishing resistance is a property of the authentication protocol, rather than a test of whether a person spots a convincing fake. Still, treat unexpected messages cautiously; other account or device risks can remain.

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How can I tell if someone got into my email?

The FTC lists several warning signs of possible compromise:

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  • You can no longer log in.
  • You receive an unfamiliar login or account-change notification.
  • Messages were sent from your account without your knowledge.

A single alert does not prove that an attacker succeeded. Open the provider’s app or site directly and review account activity and settings. If you see an unrecognized change or cannot regain access, follow the provider’s recovery process.

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What should I do if my email was hacked?

Use a trusted device if possible. If you cannot sign in, start with your provider’s official account-recovery instructions. Once you regain access, work through these steps:

  1. Change the password. Use a new, unique password that is not used on any other service.
  2. End other sessions. Use the provider’s account controls to sign out of other devices or sessions.
  3. Turn on MFA. Choose a passkey or security key if supported; otherwise select the strongest available option.
  4. Verify recovery information. Check recovery email addresses and phone numbers and remove any you do not recognize or control.
  5. Inspect mailbox changes. Look for forwarding rules you did not create, and review sent and deleted mail for messages or activity you do not recognize.
  6. Check the device. If you suspect malware, update its security software and run a scan.
  7. Warn your contacts. Tell people not to open suspicious messages or links sent from your account.
  8. Review important connected accounts. Because an attacker may use inbox access to request password resets elsewhere, check accounts that rely on this email address and secure any with suspicious activity.

What else can providers and organizations do?

Use the filtering and anti-spoofing protections available from your email provider. NIST recommends email filters and authentication technologies that verify a message’s origin and can reject spoofed messages. For organizations, provider anti-phishing and anti-spoofing controls can complement account-level protection; prioritize phishing-resistant MFA for privileged accounts.

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Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.