For a new xUnit.net v3 project, install the .NET SDK, create the xunit3 template, and run dotnet run from the generated project directory. If you already have an xUnit.net v2 project, keep its matching setup: the documented v2 route uses dotnet new xunit and dotnet test. The commands differ because the project template and test runner configuration differ.
Run your first test with the xUnit.net v3 template
This route follows xUnit.net’s v3 getting-started guide. Its examples use xUnit.net v3 4.0.0-pre.108, .NET SDK 10.0.102, and .NET 8; those are example versions, not requirements. Template output and commands can change with SDK and template releases.
1. Check that the .NET SDK is available
Install the .NET SDK for your operating system, open a fresh terminal, and run:
dotnet --versionThe command should print an SDK version. The version shown in the xUnit guide is 10.0.102; use an SDK supported by your project rather than treating that example as mandatory. If the shell says dotnet is not recognized or cannot be found, install the SDK and reopen the terminal so its PATH is refreshed.
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2. Install the v3 templates and create a project
Run these commands in order:
dotnet new install xunit.v3.templates
mkdir MyFirstUnitTests
cd MyFirstUnitTests
dotnet new xunit3The template package provides xunit3 and xunit3-extension templates, with C#, F#, and VB.NET support. Use xunit3 for a normal test project. Project creation restores the generated project in the guide’s example; if restore fails, resolve the SDK or package-source error reported in the terminal before running tests.
3. Inspect the generated test
Open UnitTest1.cs. The C# example generated by the template contains a test marked with [Fact] and a trivial Assert.True(true) assertion. The example project file targets net8.0, uses OutputType Exe, enables TestingPlatformDotnetTestSupport, and includes xunit.runner.json. These are template-example settings and may vary with template options and SDK version.
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4. Run the project
From the test-project directory, run:
dotnet runA successful run should show the test being discovered and executed, with one test and no errors or failures in the guide’s simple example. Exact wording and formatting depend on the runner version. If the project reports that no tests were found, check that you are in the generated project directory and that the template’s runner configuration has not been removed or changed.
5. Replace the placeholder with a useful assertion
A test is useful when it checks behavior your program needs to preserve. For example, if your project has an Add method, an assertion can check a known result:
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Assert.Equal(4, Add(2, 2));Run the test again after changing it. The xUnit guide also demonstrates an intentionally incorrect expected value: a failing test reports expected and actual values and a source location. That is a diagnostic example; change the expected value to the behavior your code should produce rather than leaving a deliberately failing test in your suite.
Choose between a fact and a theory
Use [Fact] for one invariant check
A fact checks a condition that should hold without varying its input. xUnit.net’s v3 guide puts it this way: “Facts are tests which are always true. They test invariant conditions.” The generated placeholder is a fact, but a meaningful fact should assert an outcome, such as the result of a calculation or a state change.
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Use [Theory] when the same behavior needs several inputs
A theory runs a test against specified data, commonly supplied with attributes such as [InlineData]. For example, one addition rule can be checked with multiple input pairs. The v2 guide’s example runs once per input and identifies a failing input in the output. Use a fact for a single invariant and a theory when varied inputs exercise the same rule.
If your project uses xUnit.net v2
Do not apply the v3 template and runner instructions to an existing v2 project without checking its configuration. The documented v2 guide, dated July 4, 2025, uses dotnet new xunit and dotnet test. Its VSTest setup references xunit, xunit.runner.visualstudio, and Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.
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dotnet new xunit
dotnet testThat guide uses xUnit.net v2 2.9.3, .NET SDK 9.0.301, and .NET 8 as examples, not universal requirements. It describes v2 as being in maintenance mode, with critical bug fixes continuing and new feature work in v3. For an existing project, inspect its project file and follow the instructions for its current version and runner; migration is a separate decision, not a prerequisite for running its tests.
| Setup | Template command | Runner path shown in the guide | Run command |
|---|---|---|---|
| xUnit.net v3, new project | dotnet new xunit3 |
Microsoft Testing Platform by default in the getting-started example; VSTest is also available with its runner packages | dotnet run for the documented default example |
| xUnit.net v2, documented VSTest path | dotnet new xunit |
xunit.runner.visualstudio and Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk, alongside xunit |
dotnet test |
The v3 template overview also describes support for dotnet test and Visual Studio Test Explorer. The correct command depends on the generated template and selected runner configuration; do not infer the runner only from the xUnit version number.
Use an editor if you prefer
The terminal is enough for the first run. The official xUnit instructions also describe Visual Studio Test Explorer when the VSTest-related references enable discovery, and VS Code with Microsoft’s C# Dev Kit and the relevant runner packages. An editor is optional; it is not required to create or run the test project.
Troubleshoot a first run
dotnetis unavailable: the SDK is missing or the terminal has not picked up its PATH. Install the SDK for your OS and open a new terminal, then retrydotnet --version.- Template name is not recognized: install
xunit.v3.templatesbefore runningdotnet new xunit3. For the documented v2 template, usedotnet new xunitinstead. - Restore fails: project creation or execution cannot retrieve required packages. Read the restore error, check SDK and package-source availability, and rerun restore before testing.
- No tests are discovered: confirm the current directory contains the intended project and that its runner configuration and required package references match its template and runner choice.
dotnet runordotnet testseems wrong for the project: check the project version and runner setup. The v3 getting-started example usesdotnet run; the documented v2 VSTest example usesdotnet test, and v3 also supports VSTest configurations.- A test fails: compare the expected and actual values and inspect the reported source location. If you used the guide’s deliberately wrong expectation, correct it; otherwise decide whether the assertion or the implementation conflicts with the intended behavior.
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