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Round a number with Python’s round()
Pass 2 as the second argument to Python’s built-in round() function:
value = 3.14159
rounded = round(value, 2)
print(rounded) # 3.14round(value, 2) returns a number rounded to two places after the decimal point. If you omit the second argument, round(value) rounds to an integer instead. See the Python 3.14.8 built-in functions documentation for the function’s behavior.
Understand how ties and floating-point values are rounded
Exact halfway cases use ties-to-even
For built-in numeric types, Python rounds an exactly halfway value to the nearest result whose final digit is even. For example, round(0.5) returns 0, round(-0.5) returns 0, and round(1.5) returns 2. This rule is called ties-to-even.
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Decimal literals may not be exact as floats
Many decimal fractions cannot be represented exactly in binary floating point. As a result, round(2.675, 2) returns 2.67, not 2.68: the float stored for 2.675 is slightly below the written decimal value. Python’s floating-point arithmetic tutorial explains why this is a representation effect, not a bug in round().
Show exactly two digits with formatting
Rounding a number does not guarantee that it will be displayed with two digits. To keep trailing zeros in output, format the value as text:
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value = 3.1
print(f'{value:.2f}') # 3.10You can use the equivalent format(value, '.2f'). Both forms produce display text with exactly two digits after the decimal point. Formatting is for presentation; it does not give you a numeric result to use in later arithmetic. See the built-in functions documentation and decimal module documentation for formatting details.
Use Decimal for decimal-sensitive arithmetic
When decimal representation matters, such as in a monetary calculation, use Decimal rather than relying on binary floats. Construct it from a string to preserve the decimal value you intended, then use quantize(Decimal('0.01')) to set two decimal places:
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from decimal import Decimal
amount = Decimal('2.675')
rounded_amount = amount.quantize(Decimal('0.01'))
print(rounded_amount) # 2.68With the default decimal context, this example uses ROUND_HALF_EVEN. quantize() follows the specified rounding mode or the active context, so set a mode explicitly if your application requires a different rule. The Python 3.14.8 decimal module documentation describes decimal construction, quantization, and available rounding modes.
Build from decimal text, not a float
Decimal('2.675') represents the decimal text exactly. By contrast, Decimal(2.675) imports the binary float approximation already stored for that value. If the original input is decimal text, keep it as text when constructing the Decimal.
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Choose the right approach
| Need | Use | Result and consideration |
|---|---|---|
| A numeric value for ordinary rounding | round(value, 2) |
Returns a number; halfway cases use ties-to-even, and float representation can affect results. |
| Decimal-sensitive arithmetic | Decimal('...').quantize(Decimal('0.01')) |
Uses decimal values and the selected or active rounding mode. |
| Text showing exactly two digits | f'{value:.2f}' or format(value, '.2f') |
Returns presentation text, including trailing zeros such as 3.10. |
Choose based on whether you need a value for further calculations or text for output, whether binary float approximation is acceptable, and which halfway rule your application requires.
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