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Use FFmpeg to correct the clips first, put them in a deliberate order, then send a continuous output to YouTube Live. Rotation changes video pixels, so it requires video processing—not stream copy. The commands below assume a Unix-like shell, FFmpeg is installed, and you want a single landscape output; adjust the rotation and canvas choices to match your footage.
1. Inspect the clips and decide how they should look
Do not apply the same rotation blindly to every file. Clips may differ in orientation, carry rotation metadata, or have different frame sizes and audio tracks. First inspect the files and identify the correction needed for each.
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List the files:
find ./videos -maxdepth 1 -type f. This example uses a folder namedvideos; restrict or change the file types as needed.Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
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Inspect a clip’s streams and metadata:
ffprobe -v error -show_streams -show_format -of json "videos/clip001.mp4". Check video width, height, frame rate and codec, audio presence and codec, and any rotation/display-matrix metadata.#1 Best Overall
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Play the original clip and compare what you see with its metadata. If it displays correctly already, do not rotate it again. If the image is sideways, determine the needed direction. FFmpeg’s filters include
transpose=clockandtranspose=cclockfor 90-degree clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation, andhflip,vflipfor a 180-degree turn. -
Choose how mixed portrait and landscape clips should appear. Keeping mixed shapes can make the live presentation inconsistent; fitting them into one landscape canvas with padding preserves the full picture, while cropping to fill can cut off property details. Decide before processing.
Filter behavior and available options can vary with the installed FFmpeg version and build. Consult the FFmpeg documentation for the installed build’s filter and concat details.
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2. Put the folder in a deliberate playback order
A directory is not a playlist: file enumeration order is not a reliable way to express the sequence you want viewers to see. Use filenames with zero-padded sequence numbers, such as 001_front.mp4, 002_kitchen.mp4, and 010_garden.mp4, or maintain an explicit list.
For compatible files, create a concat-demuxer list in the exact order:
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file 'videos/001_front.mp4'
file 'videos/002_kitchen.mp4'
file 'videos/010_garden.mp4'Save it as playlist.txt. Use paths relative to the list file or write the correct full paths; quote or escape filenames containing special characters. The concat demuxer can join compatible inputs without re-encoding, but rotated video cannot be stream-copied unchanged. The FFmpeg FAQ distinguishes the concat demuxer from the concat filter, which is the option for cases requiring re-encoding. If clips have differing codecs, dimensions, time bases, frame rates, or stream layouts, normalize them through a re-encode before treating them as one continuous stream.
3. Rotate and normalize each clip
Process clips individually when their required orientation differs. The following example turns one sideways clip clockwise, scales it to fit within a 1920×1080 landscape canvas without cropping, and pads any unused area black. It encodes H.264 video and AAC audio:
ffmpeg -i "videos/001_front.mp4"
-vf "transpose=clock,scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,setsar=1"
-c:v libx264 -preset medium -crf 20 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 30
-c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 48000
-metadata:s:v:0 rotate=0 "processed/001_front.mp4"This is an example, not a universal preset. Replace transpose=clock with the correction each clip needs; omit it for clips that are already upright. The scale-and-pad chain preserves the full frame but may add bars. If you choose to crop instead, inspect the result closely so signs, room features, or other useful details are not cut off. The example targets 30 fps and encodes audio at 128 Kbps; choose a frame rate and audio handling that make sense for your source and live target. If a clip has no audio stream, remove the audio options or deliberately create a silent audio track for a consistent playlist.
For a 180-degree correction, a filter such as hflip,vflip can rotate the image; for portrait-to-landscape presentation, rotation alone may not produce the framing you want. Re-encoding is necessary when applying a pixel transform. Do not use -c copy for a rotated video stream.
Repeat the process for each clip, writing outputs into processed in the planned order. Make sure the outputs share the intended dimensions, frame rate, video and audio codecs, and stream layout before concatenating. If you use the concat demuxer after normalization, its list should reference the processed files. If input differences or filter needs prevent that workflow, use FFmpeg’s concat filter to join and re-encode the segments rather than assuming stream-copy concatenation will work.
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4. Send the finished sequence to YouTube Live
In YouTube Studio, create or open the live stream and copy its server URL and stream key from the stream settings. Treat the key like a password: do not publish it, include it in a screenshot, or share it with anyone you do not trust. YouTube’s encoder guidance recommends RTMPS for encrypted transport; use the RTMPS server URL shown in your live settings when available.
For an already concatenated, normalized output, an example FFmpeg push command is:
ffmpeg -re -i "processed/full-tour.mp4"
-c:v libx264 -preset veryfast -b:v 10M -maxrate 10M -bufsize 20M
-r 30 -g 60 -keyint_min 60 -sc_threshold 0
-c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 48000
-f flv "RTMPS_SERVER_URL/STREAM_KEY"Replace the URL and key placeholders with the values YouTube provides; do not paste a real key into a public script or article. The command assumes a 30 fps output and 1080p H.264. At 30 fps, a GOP of 60 frames sets a two-second keyframe interval. YouTube recommends a two-second interval and says it must not exceed four seconds. The -re option reads the file at its natural rate rather than sending it as fast as the process can run.
YouTube’s current live encoder guidance lists RTMP/RTMPS, H.264, H.265/HEVC or AV1 video, AAC or MP3 audio, CBR, and frame rates up to 60 fps. The example uses H.264 and AAC. YouTube recommends H.264 at 10 Mbps for 1080p30 and 6 Mbps for 720p30; these are platform recommendations, not guarantees of picture quality or network stability. Choose a bitrate that fits your target resolution and frame rate and remains within the connection’s reliable upload capacity. The guidance lists 128 Kbps for stereo audio.
The example bitrate flags set a target and rate-control bounds, but they do not by themselves guarantee strict CBR behavior for every FFmpeg build and encoder configuration. Check the installed encoder’s options and configure rate control accordingly. For other resolutions, frame rates, or codecs, use the matching current recommendation in YouTube’s encoder settings and bitrate guide.
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5. Test the stream before making it public
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Use a private or unlisted test stream where appropriate, and verify the intended destination and visibility in YouTube Studio before starting.
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Check that the picture is upright, movement is smooth, the property details remain in frame, and audio is present where expected.
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Watch YouTube Studio’s stream health and messages during the test. YouTube says, “Make sure to test before you start your live stream.”
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Run a speed test and leave upload headroom. YouTube’s streaming tips recommend keeping total stream bitrate within outbound upload capacity and recommend 20% headroom; monitor audio and video quality during the stream. See YouTube’s streaming tips.
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Check transitions between clips for pauses, missing audio, or format changes that interrupt playback before switching to a public broadcast.
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Common problems and fixes
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check or change |
|---|---|---|
| Video is still sideways or becomes upside down | The wrong transform was chosen, or rotation metadata and pixel rotation were both applied. | Inspect the displayed image and rotation metadata with ffprobe; apply only the correction needed and review the encoded output. |
| Parts of a room or exterior disappear | The selected crop-to-fill framing cuts off the source. | Use scale-to-fit with padding, or adjust the crop after checking important details at the output frame size. |
| Concat fails or playback breaks at a clip boundary | Input stream properties or layouts are incompatible. | Normalize clips to shared dimensions, frame rate, codecs, and stream layout; use a re-encoded concat-filter workflow if needed. |
| YouTube reports connection or bitrate problems | The configured bitrate may exceed stable upload capacity, or the connection may fluctuate. | Check YouTube’s stream health, run a speed test, reduce the target bitrate or resolution if necessary, and preserve the recommended upload headroom. |
| Video arrives but audio does not | A source lacks audio, the audio stream was not encoded, or audio settings differ between clips. | Inspect each source with ffprobe; deliberately handle silent clips and normalize the audio layout and codec across the sequence. |
| FFmpeg stops after the file finishes | The input is a finite playlist, not a repeating source. | For a planned continuous loop, configure the playlist or input to repeat and confirm the loop boundary in a private test. Avoid assuming that a folder will replay automatically. |
Copyright and YouTube policy checks
Use footage, music, narration, and other material you own or are authorized to broadcast. A real-estate video can still contain protected music, artwork, television audio, or other third-party content. Repeatedly looping recordings does not itself grant rights to that material or guarantee that a channel complies with YouTube’s monetization rules. Review YouTube’s current live-stream requirements and applicable copyright and reused-content policies before broadcasting; those policies can depend on the channel and the content, so this FFmpeg workflow is not a policy approval.
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