To reproduce a mobile browser location in Playwright, set latitude and longitude on the browser context and grant that context the geolocation permission. Configure a mobile device profile separately: it emulates browser-facing device characteristics, but does not set the location or turn the test into automation on a physical phone.
This guide covers Playwright Test and direct BrowserContext setup, changing or removing a location during a test, and the separate Android automation route. Examples use illustrative coordinates, not anyone’s actual position.
What you need to configure
A page reads its location through browser geolocation APIs. For Playwright’s documented emulation workflow, provide coordinates and grant the relevant permission. The permission and coordinates are context-level settings; a device descriptor configures other browser-emulation characteristics. See the official Playwright emulation guide and BrowserContext API.
- Location: latitude and longitude, optionally an accuracy value.
- Permission: include
'geolocation'so pages in the context may read the emulated location. - Mobile profile, if needed: choose a device descriptor for browser-facing settings such as user agent, viewport, screen size, and touch.
Keep location separate from timezone: a coordinate does not set the browser’s timezone. Configure timezone independently when the scenario requires it, as shown in the emulation documentation.
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Set a fixed location in Playwright Test
For a project-wide default, put the device profile, coordinates, and permission in the project’s use configuration. This makes the settings reusable across that project’s tests.
// playwright.config.js
const { defineConfig, devices } = require('@playwright/test');
module.exports = defineConfig({
projects: [
{
name: 'mobile-chromium',
use: {
...devices['iPhone 13'],
geolocation: { latitude: 41.890221, longitude: 12.492348 },
permissions: ['geolocation'],
},
},
],
});The iPhone 13 name is used in Playwright’s documentation example; use a device descriptor present in the device registry of the Playwright version installed in your project. To use these defaults for just one test rather than a project, provide them in that test’s configuration:
const { test, expect, devices } = require('@playwright/test');
test.use({
...devices['iPhone 13'],
geolocation: { latitude: 41.890221, longitude: 12.492348 },
permissions: ['geolocation'],
});
test('shows content for the emulated location', async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('https://example.com');
// Assert the page behavior your application implements for this location.
});Replace the sample URL and assertions with your own application. The example location is only a test input. Project and test configuration are useful for stable defaults; use a direct context when a script needs to create contexts with different settings.
Set a location in a direct BrowserContext
When using Playwright’s library API, pass the coordinates and permission to browser.newContext(), then create pages from that context. This complete example uses Chromium and the Playwright device registry:
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const { chromium, devices } = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const context = await browser.newContext({
...devices['iPhone 13'],
geolocation: { latitude: 41.890221, longitude: 12.492348 },
permissions: ['geolocation'],
});
const page = await context.newPage();
try {
await page.goto('https://example.com');
// Exercise the page's location-dependent behavior here.
} finally {
await context.close();
await browser.close();
}
})();Install Playwright in the project and ensure its browser is available before running the script. The try/finally cleanup closes the context and browser even if navigation or a test assertion fails. For non-mobile browser-context geolocation, omit the device spread but retain geolocation and permissions.
Change or remove the location during a test
Use context.setGeolocation() when a scenario moves between locations instead of keeping one fixed position. The change applies to all pages in that context. Keep pages that should share the updated location in the same context; a separate context has its own settings. The API also accepts null or undefined to emulate an unavailable position. See BrowserContext.setGeolocation.
const { chromium } = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const context = await browser.newContext({
geolocation: { latitude: 40.7128, longitude: -74.0060 },
permissions: ['geolocation'],
});
const page = await context.newPage();
try {
await page.goto('https://example.com');
// Move every page in this context to a second illustrative position.
await context.setGeolocation({ latitude: 34.0522, longitude: -118.2437 });
// Emulate location unavailable when the scenario requires it.
await context.setGeolocation(null);
} finally {
await context.close();
await browser.close();
}
})();Adapt the sequence to your application’s behavior and wait for the page to react before asserting results. A location update changes the context setting; your application still needs to request or respond to location changes in the way its own code supports.
Valid coordinate values
- Latitude must be between
-90and90. - Longitude must be between
-180and180. - The optional
accuracyvalue must be non-negative and defaults to zero when omitted.
These constraints are documented by the BrowserContext API. Use realistic values for the behavior you intend to test, but do not treat a chosen coordinate as a report of a real user’s position.
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Choose the right approach for the test
| Approach | Best fit | What it configures |
|---|---|---|
Playwright Test use configuration |
Reusable project defaults or a test-specific setup | Coordinates, permissions, and any selected device settings for the configured tests. |
| Direct BrowserContext options | Library scripts or scenarios that create custom contexts | Coordinates, permissions, and optional device settings when the context is created. |
context.setGeolocation() |
A scenario that changes location during a test | Updates the location for every page in that context; accepts null or undefined for unavailable position. |
For browser-based mobile testing, device emulation is generally the direct route: combine a device descriptor with context geolocation. Playwright’s isMobile option affects whether the meta viewport tag is taken into account and enables touch events; the API notes it is unsupported in Firefox. Neither a device descriptor nor isMobile proves that the test is running on a physical handset. Read the Browser API and emulation guide for the options applicable to your browser and version.
When you need Android device automation
Mobile browser emulation and automating Chrome for Android or Android WebView on an Android device or AVD are different testing targets. Choose Android automation only if the application or test depends on the Android browser or device itself, rather than browser-facing mobile settings. Playwright documents Android support as experimental and describes additional setup and limitations in its Android API documentation.
- Android automation requires Android/ADB setup; it is not a prerequisite for setting geolocation on a regular browser context.
- The documentation identifies authenticated ADB and an awake device for screenshots among the setup or limitation considerations.
- Because the route is experimental, confirm that its current capabilities and constraints suit your exact test before making it the basis of a test suite.
Do not use Android setup merely to supply latitude and longitude to a page: context geolocation is the simpler documented mechanism for that browser-emulation scenario.
Troubleshoot location tests
The page reports permission denied
Coordinates alone are not the complete setup. Add 'geolocation' to the context’s permissions, or grant it through the appropriate context or origin permissions API. The BrowserContext documentation recommends browserContext.grantPermissions() when granting pages permission to read geolocation. Check that you are configuring the context the page actually uses.
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The page returns no location or an unexpected position
- Confirm that the page was created in the context where you set the coordinates and permission.
- Check latitude and longitude against their documented ranges and ensure accuracy, if supplied, is non-negative.
- If you changed position, keep the relevant pages in the same context and verify that your application reacts to a position change.
- If you deliberately called
setGeolocation(null)or passedundefined, the expected result is an unavailable position, not a coordinate.
The same permission setup works in one browser but not another
Supported permissions vary across browsers and browser versions, and Playwright notes that permission support can change after updates. Check the current BrowserContext API for the browser/version combination in use, then update the test configuration or choose a supported browser for that scenario. Do not assume identical permission behavior across all engines.
The page has the wrong local time
Geolocation and timezone are independent emulation settings. Set the timezone explicitly if the test depends on local time, and do not expect changing latitude and longitude to change the browser clock’s timezone.
The test looks mobile but misses a device-specific issue
Device descriptors emulate browser-facing parameters; they are not equivalent to all hardware and operating-system behavior on a physical handset. If the failure depends on Chrome for Android, WebView, ADB, or the device itself, evaluate the separate Android automation path rather than interpreting a mobile viewport as physical-device coverage.
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Use a fixed context configuration for repeatable location scenarios, and create distinct contexts when tests need independent starting locations or permissions. Playwright’s browser contexts provide isolated environments, described in its browser-context isolation guide. Context-level settings make the scope explicit: pages sharing a context share its geolocation, while a separate context lets a test avoid coupling its state to another scenario.
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Prefer changing a location with setGeolocation() only when movement or position-unavailable behavior is part of the test. For a scenario that needs one stable location, set it when constructing the context or in test configuration. This keeps the setup aligned with the behavior being tested and makes failures easier to diagnose. Permission support remains browser- and version-dependent, so pin and validate the browser combination used in continuous integration when geolocation is a critical test requirement.
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- Emulation — device profiles, geolocation, locale, timezone, and related settings.
- BrowserContext API — context geolocation, permissions, and changing the emulated position.
- Browser API — browser context and device-related API details.
- Test generator — device selection examples in Playwright code generation.
- Android API — Android automation and its documented constraints.
- Browser contexts — test isolation concepts.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I emulate GPS movement in Playwright?
Yes. Call context.setGeolocation() with successive coordinates; the update applies to pages in that context. Your application must handle location changes for the page to reflect them.
Does setting Playwright geolocation change the computer’s location or IP address?
No. The documented setting emulates the browser geolocation result; it is not a change to the host device’s physical location or network address.
Can I use Playwright geolocation with Firefox?
Geolocation permissions vary by browser and version. Also note that Playwright’s isMobile option is unsupported in Firefox; consult the current permission support in the BrowserContext API for your installed version.
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