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First decide what “record” means: reusable test code, a video of a browser session, or a debugging trace. These are different outputs. Playwright’s Codegen can capture your interactions as test code, but its documented recorder opens a visible browser and Inspector; use the generated or hand-written script afterward to replay the workflow headlessly. For a video or trace, configure that output in the automation run itself.

Choose what you need to record

Output Best for How it is made
Test code Replaying clicks, form entry, and assertions Capture interactions with Playwright Codegen, then run or refine the generated script.
Video Watching what a browser session did Configure video recording in Playwright Test or a browser context.
Trace Investigating a failure in detail Record a Playwright trace and inspect its snapshots, screenshots, network activity, and console logs in Trace Viewer.

These artifacts are not interchangeable. A video shows a session, a trace adds structured debugging context, and test code describes actions that can be run again.

Generate test code with Playwright Codegen

Codegen is an interactive recording workflow, not a headless recording process. Its documented flow opens a browser window for interaction and the Playwright Inspector for reviewing and copying generated tests. The documentation’s custom pause example likewise says to run headed. To use the resulting workflow headlessly, generate or write the code first, then execute it in your normal automation setup.

  1. From a project with Playwright available, run:

    npx playwright codegen demo.playwright.dev/todomvc
  2. Interact with the website in the opened browser: click controls, fill fields, and perform the actions the test should repeat.

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  3. Review the generated code in the Inspector, copy it into your test, and stop recording when you have captured the intended workflow.

  4. Run the resulting test in your chosen environment, including headless mode where appropriate for that test runner and setup.

Codegen analyzes the rendered page and recommends locators, prioritizing role, text, and test ID locators. It can record basic actions such as clicking and filling, along with assertions about visibility, text, or values. Treat the output as a useful starting point: review locator stability, test setup, and assertions before relying on it in a suite.

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Codegen can also be configured for viewport and device emulation, color scheme, geolocation, language, timezone, and authenticated state. Use those settings when they are part of the behavior you need to reproduce, rather than assuming the default recording represents every user or environment.

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Record a video of a Playwright run

With Playwright Test

Configure the Playwright Test video option. Its documented modes are off, on, retain-on-failure, and on-first-retry. Choose based on what you need to keep: every run, only failed runs, or a recording of the first retry. Video files are saved when the browser context closes.

Use the current Playwright Test configuration format for your installed version; the video mode names above are the documented choices, not a guarantee that every surrounding configuration example applies unchanged across versions.

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With a manually created browser context

When creating a context manually, enable recording on the context and close it after the page work is complete. The video object is available on a page whose context was created with recordVideo, and Playwright documents that the video is guaranteed to be written on context close. If a script exits while the context is still open, the recording may not yet be finalized.

Playwright video-recording CLI

Playwright also documents a video-recording CLI workflow with start and stop commands for WebM session recording; the documentation covers optional sizing and chapter markers. Consult the CLI documentation for the exact invocation matching your installed release and desired options.

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Puppeteer caution

Puppeteer’s cited Page.record() documentation is for the next-version docs and labels the API experimental; it describes MP4 output. Verify that the API exists in your installed Puppeteer release before building a workflow around it.

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Capture a trace to debug what happened

Use a trace when a video alone would not explain a failure. Playwright tracing can capture DOM snapshots, screenshots, network activity, and console logs at steps. Open the resulting trace in Trace Viewer to inspect the recorded execution. Puppeteer also documents a tracing interface and page screenshots, but the specific behavior and available options depend on its own version and setup.

Before enabling trace capture broadly, decide where artifacts will be stored and how long they should be retained. Traces can contain page content and request details, so handle them according to the sensitivity of the site and test data.

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Run the workflow headlessly without confusing it with live recording

The practical sequence is: use an interactive recorder if you need help discovering actions, save and review the generated test code, then run that test in your automation environment with the desired headless setting. For scripted video or trace output, configure recording directly in the run rather than expecting Codegen to capture a hidden browser session.

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  • Need a repeatable test? Capture or write the actions and assertions, then run the test.
  • Need a visual replay? Configure video and ensure the context closes so the file is finalized.
  • Need to diagnose a failure? Capture a trace and inspect its richer execution evidence.

Or skip the browser setup

If all you need is a website screenshot rather than a replayable test, video, or debugging trace, ScreenshotNeo returns a screenshot or PDF from one GET request. For example, using cURL:

curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webp

See the ScreenshotNeo documentation for request options. It removes cookie banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are never billed. Its MCP server lets AI agents take screenshots, and 1,000 screenshots a month are free with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Sign up for the free plan.

Troubleshooting recording problems

Codegen did not run headlessly

That is expected for the documented interactive recorder: it opens a browser and Inspector so you can interact with the page and inspect generated code. Use it to bootstrap the workflow, then run the saved test separately in the desired headless environment.

The video file is missing or incomplete

For manually created contexts, await context closure; Playwright documents that the video is guaranteed written when the context closes. For Playwright Test, check that the selected video mode retains a recording for the outcome you are examining. A failure-only mode will not keep every successful run.

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The generated test is brittle

Review the locators and assertions Codegen produced. Its preference for role, text, and test ID locators is a recommendation, not a guarantee that the page’s labels or content are stable. Replace ambiguous selectors and add assertions that express the behavior the test must verify.

Puppeteer does not recognize Page.record()

The cited API is in Puppeteer’s next-version documentation and is marked experimental. Check the docs for the release actually installed; do not infer availability in a stable release from the next-version page.

Choosing an approach

Choose by artifact and workflow, not by the word “record.” Codegen is useful when a person needs to demonstrate interactions and seed a test. Playwright video modes address retention needs such as every run or failures only. Traces are the better fit when diagnosis requires more than a visual playback. Exact operating-system requirements and cross-version feature compatibility are not established here, so verify the official documentation for the browser automation version you install.

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