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If you are in immediate danger or seriously injured, get to safety and seek emergency medical care now. Your health comes before evidence. If it is safe and practical while you arrange care, avoid washing or changing clothes, and contact a local sexual assault service or forensic examination provider as soon as you can. If you have already washed, changed, used the restroom, or waited, you can still seek help.

What to do while arranging care

These steps may help preserve possible evidence, but they are options—not conditions for getting medical care or support. Do only what feels safe and manageable.

  • If possible, do not bathe, shower, wash yourself, clean up, brush your hair, or change clothes before speaking with a forensic examination service. RAINN also advises avoiding restroom use before a planned exam when possible.
  • If you have clothing worn during the assault, keep it unwashed and available. If you changed, keep the clothes you wore at the time. Do not discard them.
  • RAINN says potential evidence items may be placed in a paper bag. This is only a temporary measure—not professional evidence packaging or a substitute for instructions from a local service. No purchase is necessary.
  • If you need to wash, change, eat, drink, or use the restroom, take care of yourself. Tell the clinician what has happened, including anything you have already done; it is common, and the information can be considered during the examination.
  • Do not delay urgent treatment or a call for help in order to preserve evidence.

How quickly should you seek a forensic examination?

Contact a local sexual assault service or forensic examination provider promptly if you want evidence collected. The time when evidence may be available depends on where you are, the type of evidence, and the circumstances. Do not treat a published time window as a universal deadline or wait to call because you think it may have passed.

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RAINN gives 72 hours as a general U.S. window for collecting DNA evidence in most cases, while noting that other forms of evidence may be available after that. UK local guidance can describe shorter windows for particular evidence, while other services may offer longer opportunities. A local trained service can explain what may be possible in your situation.

What happens during a forensic exam?

A sexual assault forensic exam—often called a SAFE in the United States—is performed by a trained clinician. It can address medical needs as well as collect evidence. The clinician should discuss appropriate steps with you; you do not need to decide on your own what samples should be taken. Do not try to collect intimate samples yourself unless a local trained service specifically instructs you to.

RAINN says you can pause, stop, or skip steps during a SAFE. UK forensic guidance likewise requires consent for sampling and prioritizes the patient’s needs. You can ask the clinician to explain a step before deciding whether to continue.

Where to get help

For immediate danger or a serious injury, contact local emergency services or go to an emergency department. For specialist care, contact a sexual assault referral or forensic examination service, a hospital emergency department, or a sexual assault advocacy service. The right route depends on what is available where you are.

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Route What it may offer What to confirm locally
Emergency department or emergency services Urgent assessment and treatment for serious injury or immediate medical needs. Whether a specialist forensic examiner is available there, or whether you will be referred elsewhere.
Specialist forensic service A forensic examination and related medical, practical, or emotional support; in England, this may be a sexual assault referral centre (SARC). How to access it, opening hours, age eligibility, transport, reporting options, privacy, and evidence storage.
Sexual assault advocacy service Practical and emotional support, including help navigating local services. In the UK, an Independent Sexual Violence Advisor can provide independent support without a police report. Whether an advocate can accompany you to an examination and what support is available in your area.

In the United States, RAINN offers a way to find SAFE providers and says you can seek a SAFE even if you are not currently interested in reporting to police. In England and Wales, government guidance says you do not need to report to police to visit a SARC. Some SARCs can store evidence for several years if asked, and the government guide says evidence is given to police only if you choose to report. These arrangements are not universal: ask the local service about privacy, storage, eligibility, and reporting rules. Age-related reporting duties and other requirements may apply.

If you want support getting to care, consider contacting an advocate, crisis worker, or trusted person. Ask the service whether someone you choose may accompany you during the examination.

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Ask about health care as well as evidence

An examination can address health concerns beyond forensic collection. Ask a clinician about injuries, pregnancy risk and emergency contraception, sexually transmitted infection (STI) evaluation, and follow-up. CDC guidance recommends individualized evaluation, testing and treatment considerations, and follow-up after sexual assault; a clinician can explain which options fit your circumstances.

If you are unsure what to do next

  1. Get to safety and seek emergency care if you are in danger or seriously injured.
  2. Contact a local specialist service, hospital, or advocate and ask where and how to access a forensic examination.
  3. Follow the service’s instructions about evidence, transport, privacy, and reporting. Tell the clinician what has already happened, without worrying that it disqualifies you from care.

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