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Install a Firefox extension with Selenium
Install or update Selenium in the Python environment that will run your script:
python -m pip install -U seleniumThe Selenium Python client documentation lists Python 3.10 or later. Selenium Manager can handle browser and driver setup for most supported platforms when WebDriver starts; you can also install and specify Firefox and GeckoDriver explicitly when your environment requires it. Selenium Manager documentation
Save the extension package somewhere your script can access. For a published extension, use a signed XPI, such as the package obtained from Mozilla Add-ons. Resolve the package path before calling Selenium so it is absolute:
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from pathlib import Path
from selenium import webdriver
extension_path = Path("extensions/my_extension.xpi").resolve()
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
try:
addon_id = driver.install_addon(str(extension_path))
driver.get("https://example.com")
# Run browser automation with the extension installed.
finally:
driver.quit()install_addon() installs the extension into the running Firefox session and returns an add-on identifier. Keep that identifier if you need to remove the add-on before closing the session. See the Selenium Firefox guide and the Python Firefox WebDriver API.
Choose the right install method
| Extension case | Artifact and call | What to expect |
|---|---|---|
| Published, signed add-on | Pass the absolute path to its .xpi; leave temporary at its default. |
Use the signed package intended for normal installation. |
| Unfinished or unpublished, unsigned add-on | Pass the absolute path to the extension directory or ZIP and set temporary=True. |
The extension is loaded temporarily for the session; this is the documented route for unsigned development builds. |
For example, to load an unpacked local development build:
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from pathlib import Path
from selenium import webdriver
extension_path = Path("extensions/my_unpacked_extension").resolve()
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
try:
addon_id = driver.install_addon(str(extension_path), temporary=True)
driver.get("https://example.com")
# Exercise the extension during this session.
finally:
driver.quit()The method signature is install_addon(path, temporary=False); path must be absolute, and the returned identifier can be passed to uninstall_addon(). Selenium Python API reference
Uninstall the extension during the session
If your test needs to remove the add-on before the browser closes, use the identifier returned by install_addon():
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addon_id = driver.install_addon(str(extension_path))
# Run steps that require the extension.
driver.uninstall_addon(addon_id)This removes it from that running session. The API documents the identifier as the argument to uninstall_addon(); shutting down the browser with driver.quit() remains the appropriate session cleanup.
Firefox, Selenium, profiles, and remote sessions
Version compatibility
The Selenium Firefox guide specifies Firefox 78 or later for Selenium 4 and recommends using the latest GeckoDriver. That minimum does not guarantee that every extension is compatible with every Firefox release; check the add-on’s own compatibility requirements as well. Selenium Firefox documentation
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Profiles
The current documented Selenium workflow installs an add-on after creating the WebDriver with driver.install_addon(). Do not substitute the legacy FirefoxProfile.add_extension() approach for this workflow. Selenium’s Python FirefoxProfile constructor clones a profile directory passed to it, and the profile API also exposes preference and path methods; profile handling is separate from the documented add-on installation call. FirefoxProfile Python API
Remote WebDriver and Grid
With a remote browser, the extension artifact must be available to the browser node through the remote setup. A path that exists only on the Python client is not necessarily visible on the node. How to transfer or provide the artifact depends on the Grid deployment; consult its Remote WebDriver guidance rather than assuming a local path will work unchanged. Selenium Remote WebDriver documentation
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Troubleshooting
- Path or file errors: Resolve the path with
Path(...).resolve()and check that the file or directory exists in the environment where the browser setup can access it. For a remote session, verify artifact availability on the remote side. - An unsigned extension will not install normally: Use its directory or ZIP and pass
temporary=True. Selenium’s Firefox guide says unfinished or unpublished unsigned extensions can only be installed temporarily. - The extension is installed but does not behave as expected: Confirm the artifact is the intended build and verify that it supports the Firefox version in use. Selenium’s documented Firefox minimum is not a compatibility guarantee for individual add-ons.
- Firefox or driver startup fails: Check that Firefox is installed and supported in your environment. Selenium Manager handles setup for most supported platforms, but constrained or custom environments may require explicitly managed browser and driver installations.
- Cleanup does not run after a test failure: Put browser work inside
tryand calldriver.quit()fromfinally, as in the examples, so the session is closed when an exception occurs.
Or skip the browser setup
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