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To reduce SharePoint Server’s exposure to remote code execution (RCE), first identify the farm’s edition, build, web applications, and network paths; install the applicable current security updates and complete the farm’s post-update steps; then apply role-aware network and configuration controls. Enable and verify AMSI request scanning, and apply TLS and ASP.NET machine-key protections only where the deployed edition and Windows Server version support them.
These measures harden SharePoint itself. They do not replace security work on Windows Server, SQL Server, identity systems, network devices, or third-party components.
1. Inventory the farm before changing it
Build a record of each SharePoint server’s edition and build, its farm role, enabled services, relevant web applications, and the ports those applications and services use. Include custom solutions and configured features that depend on particular services or connections. Use that inventory to determine which update and hardening guidance applies, and to avoid closing a path the farm needs.
Identify exposed web applications and traffic paths
Map requests from outside the farm through firewalls and other network devices to the web applications that accept them. Record which servers handle web requests, which ports are reachable externally, and how farm servers communicate with one another and with SQL Server. Microsoft’s SharePoint Server security hardening guidance is organized around server roles and common ports; use it against the actual topology rather than as a universal port-blocking list.
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Match every change to the farm’s role requirements
Record the services and features each server needs before disabling services or changing firewall rules. Microsoft’s hardening guidance covers SharePoint Server 2013, 2016, 2019, and Subscription Edition, but the required services depend on the role and deployment.
2. Install the applicable SharePoint security updates
Check Microsoft’s SharePoint updates page for the installed edition and language, then compare the listed release with the farm’s build. Microsoft describes SharePoint updates as cumulative, including fixes released previously. The update page listed Subscription Edition KB 5002908, version 16.0.20326.20136, released September 8, 2026; that is a dated release entry, not a permanent statement of the latest available build.
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Complete the farm update procedure
- Choose a deployment strategy. Use Microsoft’s SharePoint software update installation procedure for the applicable version and farm topology.
- Install the update on the farm servers. Plan the order and any special handling for Search and Distributed Cache servers according to the applicable procedure.
- Run the required post-installation configuration. Installing update package files alone does not necessarily complete the farm update.
- Monitor installation and confirm completion. Check that the farm’s required update steps finished and that its services and workloads operate as expected.
Do not assume a particular package fixes every RCE scenario. Check the edition-specific update list and Microsoft’s Security Update Guide for advisory details that apply to the installed build.
3. Reduce network exposure without breaking farm roles
Put a firewall between farm servers and outside requests
Microsoft recommends a firewall between farm servers and external requests. Permit only the ports required by the farm’s roles and configured features, and block external access to the Central Administration site’s port. Base rules on the traffic map from your inventory; Microsoft’s common-port guidance is not a substitute for validating which connections this farm uses.
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Restrict SQL Server connectivity
Limit SQL connections to the servers that need them and review Microsoft’s separate SQL Server port-hardening guidance. The SharePoint hardening article discusses TCP 1433 and UDP 1434, but it does not replace securing SQL Server or establish that every farm uses those ports in the same way.
Keep required SharePoint services running
Do not disable services simply because they are not needed on every server. Microsoft’s guidance identifies SharePoint Administration, Timer, Tracing, and VSS Writer among core services, and also describes role-dependent services such as Search, Distributed Cache, and User Code. Confirm dependencies and deployment consequences before changing service state; disabling administration-related services can affect deployment operations.
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4. Apply SharePoint configuration hardening
Review the relevant Web.config files for each server and web application in scope. Apply the controls below in the context of the farm’s features, customizations, and operational requirements, then test the affected workloads.
- Page parsing: Do not enable database page compilation or scripting through PageParserPaths.
- Diagnostics: Keep the SafeMode call stack and page-level trace disabled.
- Web Parts: Set conservative Web Part limits.
- Trusted controls and workflow types: Minimize SafeControls and Workflow SafeTypes to what the deployment requires.
- Error handling: Enable custom errors.
- Uploads: Set upload size limits to what users reasonably need.
Microsoft’s hardening guidance describes these controls, but the appropriate values and compatibility impact depend on the farm. Validate changes with the applications and custom solutions that use the affected settings.
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5. Enable and verify AMSI request scanning
SharePoint’s AMSI integration lets an AMSI-capable anti-malware product inspect incoming HTTP and HTTPS requests as SharePoint begins processing them. This provides an additional opportunity to detect malicious requests targeting SharePoint endpoints, including requests aimed at a vulnerable endpoint before an official fix is installed. It complements—not replaces—anti-malware protections for infected files uploaded to or downloaded from the server. See Microsoft’s instructions to configure AMSI integration with SharePoint Server.
Check behavior against the deployed release
| Deployment detail | AMSI behavior described by Microsoft | What to verify |
|---|---|---|
| Subscription Edition Version 25H1 | Request-body scanning is available. | Confirm the deployed build and operational AMSI status; do not assume all Subscription Edition builds have identical behavior. |
| Standard ring | The request-body scanning capability is included starting with the September 2025 public update. | Confirm the farm’s update level and ring. |
| Subscription Edition, SharePoint Server 2016, and SharePoint Server 2019 | Microsoft says AMSI integration became mandatory with the September 2025 public update. | Check current product documentation and verify operational status on the farm. |
These release notes describe availability and integration requirements; they do not establish identical inspection behavior across every edition, build, anti-malware product, or configuration.
6. Apply TLS and machine-key protections where supported
| Control | Applicability in Microsoft’s guidance | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Strong TLS on SSL bindings | SharePoint Server Subscription Edition on Windows Server 2022 or later. | Follow Microsoft’s strong TLS guidance to negotiate TLS 1.2 or higher on SSL bindings and block lower TLS versions and SSL. |
| Automatic ASP.NET machine-key rotation | Subscription Edition Version 25H1; SharePoint Server 2016 and 2019 after the September 2025 Public Update. | Check the deployed version and update level, and confirm the rotation job is operating. Microsoft says the timer job runs weekly by default. |
Do not extend the Subscription Edition TLS statement to other SharePoint editions or Windows Server combinations without checking their applicable support and configuration guidance. Microsoft says Subscription Edition encrypts the Web.config machineKey section by default. ASP.NET machine keys protect view state; periodic rotation can reduce exposure if a key is compromised. More detail is available in Microsoft’s article on ASP.NET view-state security and key management.
7. Validate the resulting controls
After updates and configuration changes, verify the farm against the same inventory used to plan them. In particular, confirm the following:
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- The edition, build, language, and completed post-update configuration steps match the intended update plan.
- Externally reachable routes and ports are limited to those the deployed applications require, with Central Administration inaccessible from outside.
- Required services remain available for each server role, and SQL connectivity is limited to necessary servers.
- Web.config changes are present in each relevant file and the workloads and custom solutions depending on them still function.
- AMSI is operational with the deployed build and anti-malware product, and its observed behavior is understood for the applicable release.
- TLS and machine-key controls are enabled only where the documented edition and platform prerequisites are met.
SharePoint hardening is one layer of the farm’s security posture. Separately assess the operating systems, SQL Server, identity systems, network devices, and third-party components that can affect the same environment.
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