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Model the transcript as a draft and committed text
For each active listening session, maintain two values: committed text from completed recognition and a draft containing the latest hypothesis for the current session. With speech_to_text, check SpeechRecognitionResult.finalResult; Apple’s Speech API exposes SFSpeechRecognitionResult.isFinal. A callback being the latest one received does not make it final.
committedTranscript = text accepted from earlier finalized turns
draftTranscript = latest transcript for the active session
onResult(result):
if result is final:
committedTranscript = joinOnce(committedTranscript, result.transcript)
draftTranscript = ""
else:
draftTranscript = result.transcriptRender the draft as provisional—for example, in a visually distinct area or with a “Listening…” label—so users can tell it may change. On a partial callback, replace the draft with the callback’s transcript; do not append the full callback string to either the draft or committed text. The speech_to_text example explains that the final result may differ from the last partial result.
Confirm what shape your recognizer returns
Replacement is appropriate when successive callbacks are full-session hypotheses, as in the speech_to_text example. Other APIs may deliver independent finalized segments. Check the selected API’s documented result contract and verify it on supported targets before choosing whether to replace or append. If results are independent segments, append each finalized segment once rather than treating it as a replacement for the entire transcript.
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Handle a listening session from start to finish
The speech_to_text package is intended for device-specific commands and short phrases, not continuous conversion or always-on listening. Its documentation recommends initializing once for the app and starting and ending listening sessions as needed. The API reference documents partialResults = true as the default. See the package documentation and listen API reference.
- Initialize once. Call the package initialization flow and confirm it succeeds before enabling voice input.
- Start a fresh session. Clear or initialize the draft when listening begins. If callbacks might arrive after a session ends, associate them with a session identifier and ignore callbacks for an obsolete session.
- Update the draft. On each non-final result, replace the active draft with the current transcript. Leave committed text unchanged.
- Commit final text once. When the result’s explicit final flag is true, add its transcript to committed text according to that API’s result shape, then clear or close the draft. Make the commit idempotent or track result identity to guard against duplicate final callbacks.
- Close the session deliberately. Handle status changes, errors, manual stop, timeout, cancellation, and widget disposal. Decide whether an interrupted draft should remain visible as unconfirmed, be discarded, or prompt the user to retry; do not silently promote it to confirmed text.
Why the final transcript can differ from the last partial
Recognition proceeds by revising a hypothesis as additional audio and context become available. A partial is therefore provisional, not a promise that its exact words will be retained. The final result is the recognizer’s completed transcription and can revise earlier words. This is why “take the last partial and call it final” is unsafe even when no newer partial appears before listening ends.
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Account for platform and lifecycle differences
Callback order and delivery can vary by platform, browser, and package version. The package changelog records a fix to make the last iOS result reliably final when a pause or listen timeout occurs or listening is stopped directly. It also documents an Android 10-era workaround in which destroying the recognizer could stop listening immediately but might fail to report results still being processed. These are version-specific notes, not guarantees about every current device.
The package documentation lists Android, iOS, macOS, and web support; it describes Windows speech as beta with known issues in the documentation version examined. Browser behavior also matters: the API reference documents aggregation and duplicate behavior on some mobile browsers, including Chrome on Android. Pin the package version and test the operating systems, locales, browsers, and session-ending paths you intend to support.
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Test the paths that can lose or duplicate text
- Speak a phrase where an early word is likely to be revised; confirm the draft changes instead of accumulating both versions.
- Verify that final text is committed once and the draft is cleared or closed.
- Test manual stop, silence timeout, cancellation, and recognizer errors; confirm that unfinished text remains visibly unconfirmed or is discarded according to your product decision.
- Test permission denial and initialization failure so voice input is not enabled when recognition is unavailable.
- Run the checks on actual target hardware and supported browser engines. Result delivery and stop behavior are platform-sensitive; no single-device check establishes behavior everywhere.
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